Sophia Peabody Hawthorne Writer, Artist, Wife

Speech and Rhetoric in Invisible Man - 1066 Words

Oratory and Rhetoric in Invisible Man Many fall victim to the influence of powerful speech—throughout history, public speakers have used oration and rhetoric to manipulate their listeners. Public speaking is an art, as it is often practiced and rehearsed. Politicians, for example, consciously employ the art of oration in hopes of gaining support, sometimes abandoning their own beliefs in order to cater to the audiences’. Similarly, the Invisible Man, in the Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, lives each moment as if he is a politician delivering a speech under the scrutiny of an audience—he constantly disciplines himself to adhere to the expectations of others. Ironically, the scenes in which the Invisible Man actually delivers†¦show more content†¦He means to say â€Å"social responsibility† but as he loses focus in an exciting moment for him, he instead says â€Å"social equality.† Outraged, the white men make the Invisible Man correct himself, and he does. By saying social equality without thinking beforehand, he reveals that social equality is what he really wants, a concept he would never consciously think of on his own time. Later, during his speech on behalf of the Brotherhood, the Invisible Man forgets everything that Brother Jack had told him to say. He improvises, saying â€Å"I could feel the words forming themselves, slowly falling into place† (345). The Invisible Man does not consciously plan each sentence he speaks; he spontaneously lets his subconscious control his words. Although he has not rehearsed the speech he delivers, it is very eloquent and effective, suggesting that subconsciously he has had these feelings inside him for a while. He then says, â€Å"I suddenly have the urge to affirm my feelings† and talks about his blindness to injustice in his own life (346). The word â€Å"affirm† denotes previous thought on the matter, just that he has not vocalized them until now. The Invisible Man also reveals that he h as less control over himself than usual by saying â€Å"urge,† as he is speaking on impulses. Following his speech, he reflects on what he said, and makes many discoveries of his own character that he would not have realized about himself without his subconscious informing his improvisational speech. He comments, â€Å"WeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sacrifice to the Signifier, in Comic Praise of the Logos1345 Words   |  6 Pagesallegory might suggest that it illustrates a logic of signification grounded in imaginary (as opposed to symbolic) identifications—that sight, and not sound, image and not voice, is the most fundamental sensual modality, and that, consequently, all rhetoric is visual. Herman Rapaport tempers ambition with caution: More interesting is how a prop such as the cave image can suddenly turn into a stage, how an mage, itself framed, can immediately stage itself as stage and in that way absent itself orRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesThen the lord god created man from the dust of the ground (Genesis 2: New Translated Version). Then the lord God said â€Å"It is not good for me to be alone, I will make him a helper who will be good for him (Gene: 2:18). So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep, he then took out one of the man’s ribs and made a woman. (Gene: 2:24). This explains why a man leaves his father and mother and is joined to his wife, united as one (Genesis: 2:24). God blessed them and said â€Å"be fruitfulRead More Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man Essay3861 Words   |  16 PagesInvisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚   Early on in Invisible Man, Ralph Ellisons nameless narrator recalls a Sunday afternoon in his campus chapel.   With aspirations not unlike those of Silas Snobdens office boy, he gazes up from his pew to further extol a platform lined with Horatio Alger proof-positives, millionaires who have realized the American Dream.   For the narrator, it is a reality closer and kinder than prayer can provide: all he need do to achieve what they haveRead MoreEssay on Identity in a Color-Conscious Society in Invisible Man1842 Words   |  8 PagesIdentity in a Color-Conscious Society in Invisible Man  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critics generally agree that Ralph Ellisons award winning novel, Invisible Man, is a work of genius, broad in its appeal and universal in its meaning. Its various themes have been stated as: the geography of hell . . . the real brotherhood of man (Morris 5), the emergence of Negro personality from the fixed boundaries of southern life (Bone 46), and the search for human and nationalRead MoreInvisible Man By Ellison Told Burke2225 Words   |  9 PagesAs is now well documented, Ellison told Burke (in the aforementioned letter of November 23, 1945) that his forthcoming novel, Invisible Man, would be his best way of thanking Burke for providing him with a robust and incisive theoretical framework through which to understand the contemporary world, especially its political and rhetorical challenges. â€Å"So, if in the little things I write from time to time you observe anything of value,† Ellison explained, then to that extent am I able to expressRead MorePublic Speaking Is Not Only An Art1416 Words   |  6 Pagesand Architect of the world, has impressed man with no character so proper to distinguish him from other animals, as by the faculty of speech.† –Quintilian (DeCaro) Public speaking is not only an art, but it’s an art that has been learned with the help of practice and philosophy throughout history. Greek philosopher Aristotle discovered that in order to assemble the citizens into conformity, one must persuade the people, which is what he called rhetoric.( DeCaro) Public speaking is described as aRead MoreThe Impacts of Reverend Homer A. Barbees Speech in Chapter 5 of Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison 543 Words   |  2 PagesThe fifth chapter of Invisible Man finds the Narrator sitting in chapel utterly entranced by the words of Reverend Homer A. Barbee, who engages the audience by beautifully eulogizing the life and death of the schools beloved founder many years before. After the speech the narrator says, For a few minutes old Barbee had made me see the vision and now I knew that leaving the campus would be like parting of the flesh (120). Barbee made the Narrator want to be a part of this vision more than anythingRead MoreWhy I Enter The Coffee Shop1150 Words   |  5 Pagesscience. Contrastingly, when there is a lack of effort to achieve such a goal, we are left with a man who has succumbed to physical pleasures and to the artless trick of persuasion, a skill not come by the study of genuine truth. However, through the use of persuasion, such a man can still be successful in convincing his audience of the truth, and for that matter lies as the truth as well. A speech based on undefined principles and consequent the speaker holds no true knowledge and is a disgraceRead MoreHistorical Information : Invisible Man2002 Words   |  9 PagesHistorical information: Invisible Man was published in 1952 by Ralph Ellison. Ellison laments the feeling of despondency and â€Å"invisibility† that many African Americans experience in the United States. Ellison uses W.E.B. Dubois, Booker T. Washington and Marcus Garvey as sources for the novel. W.E.B. Dubois wrote The Souls of Black Folk, where Dubois expresses his theory of the double-consciousness possessed by blacks. Booker T. Washington wrote Up from Slavery, which talks about his rise from slaveryRead MoreChief Seattles Oration to Governor Stevens1671 Words   |  7 PagesIs it Red Face vs. White Face, or Red faces and White faces? Chief Seattle, in this oration to Governor Stevens, discusses the comparatives and differences between these two conglomerations of people using rhetoric devices such as similes, concession, repetition, and tone. Through the use of these devices, Chief Seattle sets in his purposes of both warning the White Faces that although they hold the current power, and although the Native Americans want to live as one, that they have some power as

A Response to Modernist Painting by Clement Greenberg Essay Example For Students

A Response to Modernist Painting by Clement Greenberg Essay Greenberg insiders the philosopher Kant to be the first real Modernist by being the first person to be known to do this. Modernism grew out of the criticism of the Enlightenment however it is not the same thing. Criticism in the Enlightenment was done from the outside in the traditional sense; Modernism uses the procedures themselves to criticize from the inside. Although Modernist painting came after the enlightenment and seemed to break all the rules from the past, it was not a break for the past it was simply the next step in arts continuation. Through self-criticism Modernists goal was to eliminate any effect that was arrowed from the medium they were working with and any other art. Modernist painters wanted their art to be considered as pure from any Other form or principle. To do this factors that were previously regarded as undesirable were now having attention brought to them and regarded as positive effects such as the flatness of the surfaces, the shape of the support and properties of the pigment. Flatness was the major factor of pictorial art because it was the only element not shared with any other art form such as sculpture, theater, etc, Other elements that varied were the shape and frame of the picture, the paint texture ND finish and the color contrast and value. In Post-painterly Abstraction Greenberg starts by defining words to help us understand what Abstract Expressionism is. Painterly is the first word meaning the blurred, broken, loose definition to color and contour. The opposite to painterly is linear meaning clear, unbroken and sharp definition, Informed of these definitions we can better notice the continuities and differences in the art of the present as well as the past, Abstract Expressionism is both abstract and painterly. Abstract art became something that was known as neatly drawn and smoothly minted works of art with clean outlines and flat clear colors. Its painterly beginnings were being almost completely overshadowed by the flatness aspect of the style. When Abstract Expressionism emerged people were startled by the flurry of strokes, blotches and trickles of paint in which all order, form and discipline seemed to be disregarded. Abstract Expressionism is a certain style of art that has gone through its ups and downs and produced art Of major importance. The style turned into a school, then a manner and finally a set of mannerisms. The most noticeable of these mannerisms was the Tenth Street Touch. The Tenth Street Touch was the stroke left when a loaded brush or knife frays out and merges into streaks, ripples and specks of paint by which creating different variations of light and dark. Soon however the set of mannerisms became reduced as thousands of artists attempted to recreate this style. A reaction came about to the standardization of this style. The reaction moved toward linear clarity and physical openness of design. To these qualities the new paintings owe a sense of freshness that became a new trend in Abstract Painting. This new trend also included high keying as well as lucidity to their color. Many them stress contrasts of pure hue and tend to avoid thick paint and tactile effects, Most of the art also has a geometrical regularity. This trend however is exactly that and does not constitute a school or fashion. On the other side of the reaction, pop Art has taken over the tame of Abstract Expressionism. Modernist painting opened the door for the freedom of the many art styles to follow. Before Modernism no one questioned the styles or mannerisms in the past and it was considered good if they tired to copy that style and were constrained to its boundaries of color hero, simulation of three-dimensional space and subject matter. .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 , .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .postImageUrl , .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 , .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686:hover , .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686:visited , .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686:active { border:0!important; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686:active , .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686 .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a9ba8925e698ae3981742f45378f686:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fashion: Color and Type Your Response EssayModernism allowed artist to make art that was controversial in subject matter and sometimes only made sense to the artist. Being different was a good thing in Modernism and it allowed for the creativity and expansion for art to evolve. The article about abstract expressionism really showed how art is always changing and evolving by taking pieces Of the past With them bolt still progressing forward. It shows what it takes for some art styles to become a fashion and how some are only ever a trend and that with all fashions something new will always come to replace it.

Streetcar Named Desire Essays (1118 words) -

Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire is considered by many critics to be what is called a flawed masterpiece. This is because William's work utilizes and wonderfully blends both tragic and comic elements that serve to shroud the true nature of the hero and heroine thereby not allowing the reader to judge them on solid actuality. Hence, Williams has been compared to writers such as Shakespeare who in literature have created a sense of ambiguity and uncertainty in finding a sole ?view or aspect ? in their works. Because of the highly tragic elements encountered in Streetcar, many immediately label it tragedy. Nevertheless, the immense comical circumstances encountered in the play contradict the sole role of tragedy and leaves the reader pondering the true nature of the work, that being whether it is a tragedy with accidental comic incidences or a comedy with weak melodramatic occurrences. It has been said that the ?double mask of tragicomedy reveals the polarity of the human condition.? The contrariety of forces in the work serves to enforce a sense of both reality and drama that are present in everyday human life. The comic elements in the play serve as a form of determined self-preservation just as the tragic elements add to the notion of self-destruction. This is the true nature of a tragicomedy. By juxtaposing two irreconcilable positions, ambiguity is produced in the judgement of the main characters, most notably Stanley Kowalski and Blanche Dubois. Ambivalence in the play is largely caused by the relationship between Stanley and Blanche. They concurrently produce both appalling and appealing tendencies. Both characters display elements of the profane and sacred yet on two distinct levels. This is what creates the double entendre. In the social sense, Blanche can be considered the heroine of the play. In a desperate last attempt to preserve her aristocratic values, she must combat everything that Stanley Kowalski is. While she represents everything that is sacred within cultural boundaries, that of which being the love of language, music, art, etc?Stanley is the brute opposite. He is highly animalistic and primitive in his ways and serves as the sole destroyer of everything Blanche embodies. ?The first time I laid eyes on him I thought to myself, that man is my executioner! That man will destroy me This goes to show that since there can be no coexistence between classes, Blanche, the romantic delicate southern belle, will meet her doom at the hands of the crude and savage Stanley. However, on a psychological level, Stanley emerges as the Hero. The sexually healthy and ?sacred? marriage he shares with his wife is in staunch contrast to the perverted and debauched sexual exploits of Blanche. In the role as the psychological ?profaner,? Blanche is just as much to blame for her rape as Stanley is. Blanche is a profane and perverted intruder into his sacred yet crude domain. Thus, he reacts violently when he feels that his household is being threatened. Stanley seeks above all, to retain order and symmetry within his created existence. Stanley and Blanche on their respective ?levels,? serve as the classic heroes struggling for self-preservation. One must deal with both the social and psychological elements simultaneously in order to fully see the ambiguous duality of these two characters. The comic aspect of the tragicomedy is displayed through irreconcilability. Through the character Mitch, Williams successfully juxtaposes the comic with tragic elements, which are central to the tragicomic genre. While Blanche's world is increasingly closing in on her becoming more tragic in implications, hence her wanting a husband, Mitch is almost completely blind to her overtures and sexual advances. For example, while Blanche is virtually dying inside and looking for someone to confide in and share herself with, Mitch totally misses this and instead thinks that Blanche wants to have a conversation concerning weight. This instance of comedy is positioned between two highly dramatic and potentially tragic confidences in which Blanche shares with Mitch. Namely, her belief that Stanley will ultimately destroy her and the sense of guilt for destroying Allan Grey. The conflict between Stanley and Blanche throughout the novel is permeated with humorous incidents counterpointing the dramatic action. Another example of this would be when Stanley initially feels slighted and put down by Blanche's infringement into he and Stella's abode, than after finding out that she has let the Belle Reve estate get away goes into justifying his claim to it according to the ?Napoleonic code.? In most drama, comedy serves as a relief from too much tragedy. In the Elizabethan era, mostly transfigured

Understanding Integration A Conceptual Framework essay

Understanding Integration A Conceptual Framework essay Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework essay Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework essayThe process of integration of refugees is a complex process as it requires much time and effort to achieve refugees’ full potential as members of new society. Due to effective integration of refugees, it is possible to establish healthy conditions for the contribution of refugees to their community. According to Barbara E. Harrell-Bond (2013), â€Å"refugees are people who have been forced to leave their country because their lives are in danger†(p. 129). Refugees should be given an opportunity to exercise the appropriate rights and responsibilities that could be shared with other members of society (Strang Ager, 2010; Moret et al., 2006). Refugees should feel that they belong to their community. In other words, integration of refugees can be identified as a dynamic process that requires constant improvement; therefore, the role of effective practices and frameworks developed in different countries of the world is important for promotion of local integration processes (O’Byrne, 2013). Today there are many countries which have already hosted a larger number of refugees (Ager Strang, 2008).   European and other industrialized countries deal with this problem more effectively than developing countries, although these countries are less willing to accept new refugees. According to researchers, there is much evidence on considerable shift in the development and implementation of more restrictive admission policies regarding refugees. Not all countries are â€Å"inclined to accept new refugees or enable them to integrate† (Moret et al., 2006, p. 12). Based on recent analysis, many countries enjoy high refugee recognition rates, but there are obvious gaps between the established policies and practice, which influence the life of refugees, depriving them of their rights, including social support, employment and education opportunities. According to Heidi Savabi (2014), â€Å"in spit e of the positive progression of Brazil’s refugee program, challenges remain, especially in terms of the refugee labor market, education, and societal integration†(p. 1). The major goal of this research paper is to explore best practice and frameworks of local integration of refugees of other countries, mainly Latin American Countries. The research helps not only to identify the best practices of local integration of refuges in other countries, but also to apply these practices and frameworks to Brazil.The role of effective frameworks in promoting local integration of refugees  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To assess the role of effective practice and frameworks in promoting local integration of refugees in Brazil, it is necessary to identify the key areas in social development of refugee population that are influence the life of refugees. Actually, integration of refugees is a continuous process that results in establishing positive conditions that allow r efugees and local community members to live in harmony (O’Byrne, 2013; Clarke et al., 2006).   In other words, refugees should be allowed to form a part of the host population. According to researchers, â€Å"integration places demands both on receiving societies and on the individuals and communities concerned†(Clarke et al., 2006, p. 19). It has been found that the adoption of the proper concepts of social capital helps to frame the key components of social connection in the process of integration of refuges. Special attention should be paid to the â€Å"bonds, bridges and links† which produce forms of interchange, mutual understanding and trust in social relations (Strang Ager, 2010, p. 589).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to practices and frameworks developed by different countries in order to enhance the process of local integration of refugees, it is possible to achieve success and improve the existing strategies, meeting the needs and requirements of refugees without elimination of the possibilities of local residents (O’Byrne, 2013).   In general, the process of integration includes three major dimensions that affect the lives of both refugees and local residents, namely legal, economic, social and cultural dimensions, based on the 2005 Report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. These dimensions are very important for successful integration of refugees as fully included society members (Report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2005). Ager and Strang (2008) suggest that the major domains of integration relate to four areas: â€Å"achievement and access across the sectors of employment, housing, education and health; assumptions and practice regarding citizenship and rights; processes of social connection within and between groups within the community; and structural barriers to s uch connection related to language, culture and the local environment† (p.166). In fact, these domains are included in the framework that promotes normative conceptions of refugees’ integration in certain resettlement settings.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally speaking, effective frameworks in promoting local integration of refugees can   be implemented in various settings. The ways in which stakeholders (e.g. refugees, local residents, UNHCR, and governments), can collaborate help enhanced the promotion of   Ã¢â‚¬Å"shared and simultaneous development in refugee and national communities† (Dryden-Peterson Hovil, 2004). It is very important to conceptualize the proper solution of local integration of refugees within the context of an international framework for further development and implementation (Dryden-Peterson Hovil, 2004).It is not a secret that many Latin American countries have been open to refuges starting from the early 20-th ce ntury to present day. For example, Latin American countries were important destinations for many survivors of the Holocaust during the WWII. According to researchers, about 20,000 Jewish displaced people immigrated to the countries of Latin America in the 1940s- 50s. They settled in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Panama, Costa Rica and other countries. Today the number of refugees has increased because of political conflicts, economic crisis and other factors. For example, Mexico has always been a destination for refugees from other countries of Latin America. Two significant historical examples include Civil War Refugees who came from Spain in the early 1930s -40s, refuges from Chile who came in 1973 and the refugees from Guatemala who came in the 1980s because of the Civil War (Dryden-Peterson Hovil, 2004; Ager Strang, 2008).Some successful practices and frameworks of local integration of refugees  in Mexico, Argentina and UgandaHousing policy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is crucial to address the issue of the housing needs of refugees. In fact, housing is one of the major goals of local authorities working with different housing associations to meet these needs. According to researchers, â€Å"this will generate a major incentive for local authorities to meet the refuges housing targets in order to achieve their funding compliance and earn sufficient points for greater autonomy of action in the future†(Clarke et al., 2006, p. 25). Argentina has implemented framework to include refugees through a housing system initiated by the Ministry of housing (White, 2012).Social supportIn 2014, the main concern of the Office in Mexico is to provide social support and increased protection of refugees through consolidation of the Government’s capacities. The implementation of the new practice – the Quality Assurance Initiative, this framework can become successful. This practice enhances the protection of vulnerable migra nts, particularly the children of refugees (UNHCR. The UN Refuge Agency. Official Website. 2014).   In addition, social support to refugees is provided by the Mexico Declaration and Plan of Action (MPA). This is an effective strategic framework that is aimed at addressing the â€Å"complex humanitarian situation resulting from forced displacement in Latin America† (Ippolito   Abass, 2014, p. 52).Protection of human rights  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Mexico, special attention is paid to the protection of human rights of refugees. According to researchers, â€Å"most of the reforms implemented in Mexico – from recognizing the concept of refugee in the 1990s and the original decriminalization of undocumented entry in 2008, to the Migration Law and Constitutional Reforms of 2011- have been motivated by human rights† (Gonzlez-Murphy, 2013, p. 153). The new Law of Refugees adopted in Mexico provides effective protection to individuals who do no t have the official refugee status, but they are at high risk of torture, discrimination, abuse, maltreatment, or whose refugees whose lives are in danger.   Many refugees, who come to Mexico are from other Latin American countries, settle primarily in urban areas, where they are offered the proper legal protection of human rights. According to this law, refugee status is offered in accordance to the existing international treaties for individuals who claim being abused for their race, religion, political views or nationality. The law says that refugees will not be send anywhere that may put the lives and liberty of applicants at risk (Alba Castillo, 2011). The new law states that refugees and asylum seekers are protected from prosecution for illegal entry into Mexico, as well as provides treatment of refugees with dignity and the requires opportunities and services, including education and health (Gonzlez-Murphy, 2013).Integration of HIV/AIDS programsIn Uganda, the Government of Uganda influenced the decisions of the Directorate of Refugees and UNHCR regarding the implementation of the Self-Reliance Strategy (SRS). This strategy can be viewed as an effective framework in solving health issues of refugees. The major goal of this practice is to â€Å"improve the standard of living of the people in Moyo, Arua, and Adjumani districts, including the refugees† (Strategies to support the HIV-related needs of refugees and host populations, 2005, p. 20). This practice is focused on improving food self-sufficiency, enhancing the access of refugees to social services, health and education opportunities. HIV/AIDS problems are faced by many refugees in Latin America. According to researchers, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is constantly increasing. The statistical data show that in 2004, â€Å"the total number of people worldwide living with HIV reached its highest level ever, approximately 39.4 million people† (Strategies to support the HIV/AI DS-related needs of refugees and host populations, 2005, p. 5). The Government in Uganda has found the solution to HIV/AIDS-related issues facing refugees. As a result, in Uganda refugees have non-discriminatory access to various HIV/AIDS-related services, e.g. the delivery of antiretroviral therapy practices, etc. (Strategies to support the HIV/AIDS-related needs of refugees and host populations, 2005).Education policyIn Mexico, the Government pays special attention to providing effective education policy for refugee children. This framework is crucial for the development of the nation. For example, in Mexico, refugee children attend their own primary schools in the settlements in order to improve their language skills and become more confident in communication. The process of integration is not fostered through joint schooling system although older refugee children are allowed to attend local high schools (Low, 2010, p.67). It is very important to develop local integration policie s in the field of education to guarantee refugees a â€Å"progressively wider range of rights† in education and employment (Low, 2010, p.67).The application of the best practices and frameworksof local integration of refugees to Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brazil has always been an attractive destination for refugees from other Latin American countries. Today immigration laws in Brazil include Law No. 6815 (1980) and Decree No. 86715 (1981), established by the National Immigration Council. According to Heidi Savabi (2014), â€Å"Brazil was the first country in the region to adopt the UNHCR Convention of 1951and the second country in South America to join the Protocol of 1967†(p. 1). In addition, Brazil is considered to be the first country in South America that was focused on regulation of refugee rights protection, based on the ratification of the United Nations’ major international mechanisms of protection. Although Brazil failed to sign the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, the Declaration’s expanded definition of   the term â€Å"refugee† was applied by the Government since 1989 (Savabi, 2014). Additionally, Brazil was the first country in Latin America to develop specific refugee laws. According to researchers, â€Å"Brazil has also been recognized as an emerging resettlement country since the start of the twenty-first century†(p. 1).Although Brazil has been dealing with the problems of refugees for a long time, there are still many gaps in the use of effective policies and frameworks. For example, in 2007, there were 1,750 Angolan refugees in Brazil. According to researchers, â€Å"Angolan refugees received modest assistance (a monthly stipend of less than $100), and congregated in poor neighborhoods in the city center or in favelas† (Davila, 2010, p. 245).   Although Brazil’s immigration policy is aimed at accepting refugees actively, the overall number of refugee population in the country is rather low, â€Å"more or less 4,000† as compared with the general population in Brazil, more than 191 million people (Moreno Colino, 2010, p. 81). This fact means that refugee policy is ineffective in Brazil and requires improvement (Moreno Colino, 2010).   In comparison with other countries accepting refugees, Brazil demonstrates smooth process of integration of refugees in the national territories and local communities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result, the best practices and frameworks of local integration of refugees in other Latin American countries should be taken into consideration by the Government of Brazil (See Table 1). According to researchers, in Brazil, â€Å"human rights and democracy had a profound impact on political structures†(McConnachie, 2014, p. 134). The application of the best practices and frameworks could help to promote the significance of human rights principles in social development of the coun try. In addition, it is known that since the 1950s, Brazil has been committed to International Refugee Law. Although Brazil was under a dictatorship for a greater part of this period, some improvements had been made regarding refugee rights. For example, refugees could use the assistance of UNHCR, although the implementation of refugee rights protection was precarious (Jubilut, 2006).   Undoubtedly, re-democratization process in Brazil has led to passing a specific law on refugees, but certain improvements are still necessary to address the needs of refugees. According to Maria Beatriz Nogueira and Carla Cristina Marques (2011), â€Å"Brazil has been strengthening its position as an emerging country of resettlement†(p. 57). Successfully integration of refugees requires addressing a wide range of issues, including employment issues, education and language skills issues and the issues which involve the ability to access public services, enjoy citizenship rights, participate i n political activity and develop social relations with the local community (Nogueira Marques, 2011; Scalettaris, 2007). The National Committee for Refugees (or CONARE) is responsible for analysis of various situations, which require the application of the National Refugee Act and the established frameworks (Jubilut, Oliveira Selmi Apolinrio, 2010).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the best practices and frameworks of local integration of refugees in many Latin American countries can be applied to Brazil in order to improve the process of integration, addressing the needs of refugee population. The ongoing plight of refugees in Brazil is an issue of concern for the Government. The number of refugees is growing. As a result, the Government should take into consideration the best practices and frameworks of local integration of refugees in other Latin American countries. As local integration of refugees is a complex economic , political, social and cultural process, special attention should be paid to legal, economic, social and cultural dimensions. In general, Brazil should use the existing tripartite structure, which involves the UNHCR, the Government of Brazil, and civil society practices combined with best practices and frameworks, developed by other countries, to succeed in providing integral protection to all refugees.

Leopard Facts

Leopard Facts Leopards (Panthera pardus) are one of five species of the big cat genus Panthera, a group that also includes tigers, lions, and jaguars. These beautiful carnivores are the subject of movies, legends, and folk tales, and are common in captivity. There are nine official subspecies of leopards, as well as several proposed sub-species. Leopards are considered to be vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered animals in different areas of their range, which includes portions of African and Asia. Fast Facts: Leopards Scientific Name: Panthera pardusCommon Name(s): Leopard, pard,  pardus, pantherBasic Animal Group:  MammalSize: 22–22 inches tall, 35–75  inches longWeight: 82–200 poundsLifespan: 21–23 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat:  Africa and AsiaConservation  Status:  Endangered or Near Threatened depending on location Description The base color of the leopards coat is cream-yellow on the belly and it darkens slightly to an orange-brown on the back. A dappling of solid black spots is present on the leopards limbs and head. These spots form circular rosette patterns that are golden or umber in color at the center. The rosettes are most prominent on the jaguars back and flanks. Spots on the leopards neck, belly, and limbs are smaller and do not form rosettes. The leopards tail has irregular patches that, at the tip of the tail, become dark-ringed bands. Leopards exhibit a range of color and pattern variations. Like many species of cats, leopards sometimes exhibit melanism, a genetic mutation that causes the skin and fur of the animal to contain large amounts of the dark pigment called melanin. Melanistic leopards are also known as black leopards. These leopards were once thought to be a separate species from non-melanistic leopards. Upon close inspection, it becomes apparent that the background coat color is dark but the rosettes and spots are still present, just obscured by the darker undercoat. Leopards living in desert areas tend to be paler yellow in color than those that live in grasslands. Leopards inhabiting grasslands are a deeper golden color. Leopards have shorter legs than many other species of big cats. Their body is long and they have a relatively large skull. Leopards are similar to jaguars in appearance but their rosettes are smaller and lack a black spot in the center of the rosette. Full grown leopards can weigh between 82 and 200 pounds. The lifespan of a leopard is between 12 and 17 years. Rudi Hulshof/Getty Images Habitat and Distribution The geographical range of leopards is among the most widespread of all the big cat species. They inhabit the grasslands and deserts of Sub-Saharan Africa including West, Central, South and East Africa as well as South East Asia. Their range does not overlap with jaguars, which are native to Central and South America. Diet and Behavior Leopards are carnivores, but their diet is among the widest of all the cat species. Leopards feed primarily on large prey species such as ungulates. They also feed on monkeys, insects, birds, small mammals, and reptiles. The diet of leopards varies based on their location. In Asia, their prey includes antelopes, chitals, muntjacs, and ibex. Leopards hunt mainly during the night and are skilled at climbing and often carry their prey into trees where they feed or hide their catch for later use. By feeding in trees, leopards avoid being disturbed by scavengers such as jackals and hyenas. When a leopard captures large prey, it can sustain them for as long as two weeks. Anup Shah/Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Leopards have multiple mates and reproduce year-round; females attract potential mates by excreting pheromones. Females give birth to two to four cubs after a gestation period of about 96 days and usually produce a litter every 15 to 24 months. Leopard cubs are tiny (about two pounds at birth) and spend their first week of life with their eyes closed. Cub learn to walk at about 2 weeks old, leave the den at about 7 weeks, and are weaned by three months. They are independent by the age of 20 months, though siblings may stay together for several years and young leopards often stay in the area where they were born. Dietmar Willuhn/Getty Images Conservation Status Leopards are more numerous than any of the other great cats, but, according to the Animal Diversity Web, Leopards are declining in parts of their geographic range due to habitat loss and fragmentation and hunting for trade and pest control. As a result, leopards are listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Efforts are underway to protect most of their range in West Africa, but numbers are still shrinking; five of the nine subspecies of leopard are now considered to be endangered or critically endangered: Panthera pardus nimr  - Arabian leopard (CR Critically Endangered)Panthera pardus saxicolor  - Persian leopard (EN Endangered)Panthera pardus melas  - Javan leopard (CR Critically Endangered)Panthera pardus kotiya  - Sri Lankan leopard (EN Endangered)Panthera pardus japonensis  - North Chinese leopard (EN Endangered)Panthera pardus orientalis  - Amur leopard (CR Critically Endangered) Sources Burnie D, Wilson DE. 2001. Animal. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 624.Guggisberg C. 1975. Wild Cats of the World. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company.Hunt, Ashley. â€Å"Panthera Pardus (Leopard).†Ã‚  Animal Diversity Web, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Panthera_pardus/.

Ethic and Morality in Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethic and Morality in Religion - Essay Example Thus, it strives for all humanity without discrimination. The philosophers and thinkers are of the opinion that the popularity and validity of a religion can be assessed, estimated and measured by the noble teachings of its pioneers in respect of betterment and welfare of the individuals. No religion allows exercise of any kind of butcheries, atrocities and cruelties in the name of faith and religion. On the contrary, the concept of religion has close association with humanity, sacrifice, ethics and moral values.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The founders, preachers and pioneers of every religion have looked for the implication and observation of moral values as one of the most essential elements of the basic teachings of their faith. Though religious cults and practices vary among the followers of different religions, and there are some similarities too, yet the most common thing among all the faiths includes their emphasis on ethical principles and moral values. Ethics and morality refer to the rules and regulations, based on the principles of charity, kindness, love, respect and goodness, which everyone is bound to observe in his behavior. The basic motive behind every religion has always been the welfare of the people, which can be witnessed by analyzing the words, teachings and scriptures of the founders of the great religions.   Ã‚   Like other religious beliefs, Christianity has also defined morality as the essence of their traditional faith. The Christians consider Holy Christ as the founder of Christianity.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakovs Scheherazade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakovs Scheherazade - Essay Example Of course, the orientalism of the symphonic poem makes a significant impact on the images the listener may have in his / her mind; however, the way they are represented depends on the listener’s experience only. Personally, I like the first part the most. For me, it is the most bright and memorable when it comes to visual imagery. This part of Scheherazade is definitely about the sea. With the first sound of the woodwinds after the main theme, I see the sunlight that goes through the calm and glassy water so it shines and even become hard to look at. After the entrance of the second main theme, when the orchestra plays tutti, it is the time for the ship to appear. It is a massive, powerful ship with huge sails; it seems that no wind and no storm can destroy it. Music renders the feeling of greatness and stability. Also, it reflects the movements in the see, namely, how waves roll back and forth calmly and steadily. Suddenly, a blast of wind destroys quietness at sea; the waves become larger and larger, calmness turns into a heavy storm with the ship being its victim which is thrown to and fro. All the themes interweave, and the string party become more restless. The image of the storm is com pleted with despairing exclamations in the wind instruments. But the storm blows over, and the see is calm and peaceful again. The second part of the symphonic poem starts with the theme from the first part followed by a rich ornamented theme in bassoons which is developed in variations in parties of other instruments. The theme is so smooth and melodious that it reminds of a human voice, like someone is telling a story. Further, tense surges up and becomes more uneasy, emotional and enthralling. The exclamations in the group of brass instruments reminds of fanfares, and it creates an image of a blistering battle, a struggle to the last breath. In fact, the entire march-like episode based on these

The California Gold Rush Essay Example for Free

The California Gold Rush Essay Before the Gold Rush of 1849, California was a sparsely populated, unimportant territory of the United States mostly inhabited by the people of Mexico. However, that all changed when on January 24, 1848; carpenter and small time sawmill operator James W. Marshall discovered a gold nugget in the American River that would forever change the history of California and America1. Not only did the Gold Rush lead to California’s admittance into the Union in 1850, it also rekindled the idea of the American Dream. Hundred’s of thousands of people poured into the state by the lure of quick and infinite riches. As a result of the Gold Rush, California eventually became an advanced technologic, and agrarian state, which would help pave the roads to urban development and a very capitalistic economy. The California Gold Rush jump-started the development of California as a state, and ignited the belief of the American Dream once again. In a year’s time of the discovery of gold in the American River, the provincial Gold Rush of 1848 transformed into the global Gold Rush of 1849 making national headlines across the world. Historian Hubert Howe Bancroft best described the Gold Rush as; â€Å"a rapid, monstrous maturity† which propelled the population so progressively that on September 9th, 1850 California became the thirty-first state admitted into the Union2. By the year 1851, over 255,000 people had immigrated to the Golden State spurred on by the hopes of finding gold and achieving the American Dream3. From these hundreds of thousands of aliens that flocked to California during the Gold Rush most were young men eager to risk their lives venturing to the Mother Lode in hopes of becoming miners and starting a new life. These men, called the â€Å"49ers†, would play a vital role in the transformation of the state, as they would soon become the pillar for the powerful mining economy in California4. In addition, the ban of slavery in California opened up a window of opportunity to those from other continents. Soon ships from Asia, Australia, Europe and South America were left stranded in the San Francisco Bay as everyone sought to achieve their own version of the American Dream in the Gold Rush as well. In the early stages of California’s state hood, gold mining was the keystone of the Californian economy. Originally, many gold miners who came to California were apart of larger mining companies that at first brought organization to the gold fields5. Nonetheless, as the pressure to find gold mounted each day with the number of people coming to California increasing, it soon became every man for himself; and as a result many of these organizations failed. However, the mining process was complex, required lots of man power, and as gold was becoming harder and harder to find; the introduction to certain technological advances revitalized the Gold Rush and California as a state. The introduction of Hydraulic mining by French Canadian, Anton Chabot in 1850 and later perfected by Edward Matteson a 49er from Connecticut, had everlasting effects on the mining industry as well as the environment6. By damming river and streams miners were now able to use the newly created waterbeds for their industrial hoses, which would spray water furiously onto the riverbanks eroding the ground until gold was spotted7. As a result of Hydraulic mining, mining organizations became powerful again and a sense of unity and prosperity was restored to the gold fields. The Gold Rush also started a new market for technology as now more people stopped mining, and thought of other ways they could make a living. Worker unions began to form, as mining companies needed laborers to maintain and manufacture new machines as wells as divert and dam rivers8. However, not everyone made their fortune in the mining industry. In 1853 Levi Strauss, a German immigrant came to California with aspirations of striking it rich in the gold fields. After a year of no luck, Levi and his family decided to open a general goods store in San Francisco that would sell dry goods and clothing to the miners. His store was a hit, as miners poured in to buy tents and other necessities for mining. One item in particular, denim pants known today as â€Å"jeans† sold like wild fire amongst the 49ers, as they were durable and did not rip. By the end of the Gold Rush, nearly 594 $ million in gold ingots (estimated around 10 $ billion in 2001 dollars) would be shipped out from California towards the east coast alone9. Not only did the Gold Rush create a prosperous mining climate, it also indirectly lead to an even more booming agrarian economy; that in 1869 surpassed mining in employment and then later in 1879 became the leading element to the California economy10. By the late 1870’s, there was nearly 600,000 thousand people living in the Golden State11. In order to feed so many mouths so quick, many people that could not make it as a miner or in the now blooming cities decided to settle on plots of land and become farmers. Most preferred the farming lifestyle opposed to a miner’s life because it was safer. In addition, due to California’s vast natural resources, fertile abundant land and great weather, growing food and raising livestock was easy compared to the eastern United States and other parts of the world. The Gold Rush also permitted the cattle industry to once again flourish in the west as a cattle boom from the north was guided to California for sale to the miners12. Soon afterwards, cattle ranches were set up in Southern California and provided an economic boost to the rest of the state13. In addition to the cattle industry doing well, by 1880 great wheat ranches had expanded throughout Colusa County and produced nearly half a mission bushels of wheat a year14. As a result of the wheat industry expanding, in the 1880’s and 1890’s irrigation districts had been introduced to California along with newly refrigerated railroad cars, which perhaps did the most to advance California towards becoming an agrarian powerhouse in the United States15. With a lucrative economy that was producing food and money, the urbanization of California happened much earlier than intended. With the mass migrations of workers pouring into mining towns and cities, the ones with the best strategic position ended up becoming the most successful. As a result, San Francisco, Sacramento and Las Angeles became the most powerful cities on the west coast because of the Gold Rush16. However, with the establishment of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869, California now had a direct contact with the rest of the United States and as a result every town in California economically and socially prospered17. With the advanced development of technology, an interstate road system was built which helped distribute the urbanization of California more thoroughly18. In addition to roads, the technology that was invented in the Gold Rush now could be applied to the development of the advancement of irrigation. In 1900, San Francisco and Los Angeles built a system of dams and aqueducts that would bring running water to their respective cities19. The result of this project would for years to come stabilize the infrastructure of these two cities20. Soon, markets, architecture and literature would flourish in cities across the state as California transformed from a rural state, to one of the most powerful states in America. As time progressed, cities in California were now looking to export their goods to the rest of the world. Banks had already been established in California during the 1850’s as a place for miners to store their gold and by 1855 Wells Fargo Bank controlled about ninety percent of the transporting of gold in the state21. California possessed a highly successful banking system, but now with the help of the transcontinental railroad and the port cities, the Californian economy was now turning towards capitalism22. With a well-organized society and economy in California, industries were booming. Cities like San Francisco led the way with the exportation of goods to other countries and the eastern part of the United States23. California soon started to enter trade relationships with Asia, Europe and other continents as it exported gold, fine goods and food at a rapid rate24. As trade blossomed, so did education and literature. Soon, schools, churches, universities and newspaper companies were sprouting up all along California. This all in term led to California becoming a melting pot of different cultures just like other great states in the U. S. The Gold Rush of 1849 directly led to California’s admittance and prestige as the thirty-first state admitted into the Union. Not only did the Gold Rush bring hundreds of thousands of people to the Golden State, it also kept them there. With advancements through technology, the mining industry in California would become the strongest in the world at its time25. Also, as the mining economy grew strong, the agricultural economy grew even stronger because of the Gold Rush. With these advancements, people were able to build permanent empires through the urban development of California. As cities prospered at the benefit of the Gold Rush, California was able to grow stronger and smarter as a state through capitalism and trade with foreign countries. The Gold Rush of 1849 jump started the development of California as a state and achieved people’s goals of the American Dream. Bibliography: Gibbs, William. California Gold Rush (1848–1858). Open Collections Program: Immigration to the US, California Gold Rush, 1848-1858. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 May 2013. Ketchum, Liza. The Gold Rush. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996. Print. Lloyd, J. D. The Gold Rush. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002. Print. Martinez, Lionel. The Gold Rushes. The Gold Rushes. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 May 2013. Starr, Kevin. California: A History. New York: Modern Library, 2005. Print.

Frank Lloyd Wright :: essays research papers

Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright was born as Frank Lincoln Wright in Richland Center in southwestern Wisconsin, on June 8, 1867. His father, William Carey Wright, was a musician and a preacher. His mother, Anna Lloyd-Jones was a teacher(1 Compton). It is said that Anna Lloyd-Jones placed pictures of great buildings in young Frank's nursery as part of training him up from the earliest possible moment as an architect. Wright spent some of his time growing up at the farm owned by his uncles near Spring Green, Wisconsin. Frank Lloyd Wright was of Welsh ethnic heritage, and was brought up in the Unitarian faith. Wright briefly studied civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, after which he moved to Chicago to work for a year in the architectural firm of J. Lyman Silsbee. In 1887, he hired on as a draftsman in the firm of Adler and Sullivan, run by Louis Sullivan (design) and Dankmar Adler (engineering) at the time the firm was designing Chicago's Auditorium Building(1 Compton). Wright eventually became the chief draftsman, and also the man in charge of the firm's residential designs. Under Sullivan, whom Wright called "Lieber Meister" (beloved master), Wright began to develop his own architectural ideas. In 1889 he married his first wife, Catherine Tobin. He also designed houses on his own toward the end, homes Wright called â€Å"bootlegged† (2 Encarta) which were done against Alder and Sullivan's policies concerning such moonlighting. When Louis Sullivan found out about these homes, Wright was fired from the firm. The bootlegged houses showed the start of Wright's low, sheltering rooflines, the prominence of the central fireplace, and "the destruction of the box" open floorplans. The Adler and Sullivan firm was just the right place to be for a young man aspiring to be a great architect, as it was at the leading edge of American architecture at the time. Wright started his own firm in 1893 after being fired from Adler and Sullivan, first working out of the Schiller building (designed by Adler and Sullivan) and then out of a studio which was built onto his home in Oak Park, an affluent suburb of Chicago which is located just to the west of the center of the city. Between 1893 and 1901, 49 buildings designed by Wright were built. During this period he began to develop his ideas which would come together in his "Prairie House" concept(1 Compton). Into 1909, he developed and refined the prairie style. Frank Lloyd Wright founded the â€Å"prairie school† of architecture, and his art of this early productive period in

novel Rebecca

In the novel Rebecca, du Maurier uses techniques, such as dialogue and setting description, to create suspense and tension. But in the movie, Hitchcock uses different techniques, like music and scenery, to create the right kind of suspense and tension for his audience. The plots are the same, but the techniques are not. In the novel, the author uses a lot of dialogue to create the suspense needed to make the storyline interesting. For example, on page 259 in chapter 19, the narrator is speaking with Ben. â€Å"‘The fishes have eaten her up by now, haven’t they? † he said. Who? † I said. â€Å"Her,† he said, â€Å"the other one. † â€Å"Fishes don’t eat steamers, Ben. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The narrator does not understand that Ben is speaking about Rebecca’s body in the cabin of the boat that was found. This creates suspense by the reader not knowing what’s going on or whose body was found, since Maxim has not yet told the narrator that it is Rebecca’s body in the cabin and that he killed her. Du Maurier also uses fog mixed with dialogue to create the suspense and tension that’s needed and wanted. An excellent example of this would be on page 246 in chapter 18, when Mrs. Danvers tries to coax the narrator into jumping out of the window to her death. ‘She pushed me towards the open window. I could see the terrace below me grey and indistinct in the white wall of fog. â€Å"Look down there,† she said. â€Å"It’s easy, isn’t it? Why don’t you jump? It wouldn’t hurt, not to break your neck. It’s a quick, kind way. It’s not like drowning. Why don’t you try it? Why don’t you go? ’ The fog filled the open window, damp and clammy, it stung my eyes, it clung to my nostrils. I held onto the window-sill with my hands. ’ The fog covers the ground so the narrator cannot see how far up she really is. Not to mention the reader does not know whether or not the narrator will follow through with jumping or not. She’s already at the open window, all she has to do is step out. In the movie version of the novel Rebecca, Alfred Hitchcock uses different techniques than du Maurier does. Instead of using setting description, he just uses scenery because you can actually see it. For example, he uses the setting descriptions of the narrator’s dream from the beginning of the novel to create the scenery, visuals, and the enactment of the dream in the movie. The dream in the movie sounds exactly like the dream in the novel, but you can actually see it instead of imagining it. The suspenseful part is when the house is dark and there is no sign of life. But suddenly, a light turns on. Also, he uses scenery as Manderly burns to the ground at the end of the movie. Hitchcock also uses music to create suspense and tension. As mentioned earlier, Manderly is burnt down and as Maxim figures out that it’s Manderly burning, suspenseful music plays. Earlier in the movie, the narrator tells Mrs. Danvers to remove certain things from the room. Mrs. Danvers asks her why, and the narrator replies, â€Å"Because I am Mrs. de Winter now. † As she says this, suspenseful music plays. The techniques used in the movie and in the novel are very different. The only similar technique is dialogue, and the way things are stated by the characters. They’re different because scenery is not included in a story. The author must use descriptions of the current setting so you can imagine it in your mind, since it isn’t being projected in front of your eyes like a movie. You cannot use music in a book, because you will not be able to hear it. So, film directors such as Alfred Hitchcock use certain types of music to set different moods. For example, eerie music is used to create suspense, and music with high notes is used to create a happy, light-hearted mood. This is not possible in a novel unless the author describes it to you. Finally, the movie and the novel both use certain techniques to create different amounts of suspense and tension. The types of techniques may be different, but they work. They create the mood that is necessary. IF you read the book and then watch the movie, you will notice the different styles of techniques that du Maurier and Hitchcock use.

Merger of Bank of Rajasthan with Icici Bank

MERGER OF THE BANK OF RAJASTHAN LIMITED WITH ICICI BANK The Bank of Rajasthan Limited (Bank of Rajasthan), a banking company incorporated within the meaning of Companies Act, 1956 and licensed by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 was amalgamated with ICICI Bank Limited (ICICI Bank/the Bank) with effect from close of business on August 12, 2010 in terms of the Scheme of Amalgamation (the Scheme) approved by RBI vide its order DBOD No. PSBD 2599/16. 01. 056/2010-11 dated August 12, 2010 under sub section (4) of section 44A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.The consideration for the amalgamation was 25 equity shares of ICICI Bank of the face value of Rs. 10 each fully paid-up for every 118 equity shares of Rs. 10 each of Bank of Rajasthan. Accordingly, ICICI Bank allotted 31,323,951 equity shares to the shareholders of Bank of Rajasthan on August 26, 2010 and 2,860,170 equity shares, which were earlier kept in abeyance pending civil appeal, on November 25, 2010. During the year, we acquired The Bank of Rajasthan which substantially enhanced our branch network and strengthened our presence in northern and western India.The merger of Bank of Rajasthan added over 450 branches to our network. Including these, our branch network has increased from 1,707 branches at March 31, 2010 to 2,529 branches at March 31, 2011. We also increased our ATM network from 5,219 ATMs at March 31, 2010 to 6,055 ATMs at March 31, 2011. During the year, the integration of Bank of Rajasthan into the Bank was a major exercise which was successfully completed. The integration process focused both on business as well as cultural integration.The people and cultural integration was achieved through well-planned communication of the Bank's values and culture. The Bank reached out to all employees of Bank of Rajasthan and addressed their expectations and concerns. This was achieved through communication from the top management of the Bank, open house sessions join tly conducted by senior managers from Bank of Rajasthan and ICICI Bank and one-on-one sessions wherever required. Further, to align the skill sets of Bank of Rajasthan employees, special training programs were designed and conducted by the Bank.Pursuant to the merger of the Bank of Rajasthan, we also enabled seamless transactions for the customers of Bank of Rajasthan in a short timeframe and combined the ATM and branch networks and technology infrastructure. To enable better customer service, our branch staff has been equipped with a comprehensive and single view of customer relationships. We have also enhanced our Interactive Voice Response system at our call centres to support regional Indian languages. Amalgamation of The Bank of RajasthanOn May 23, 2010, the Board of Directors of ICICI Bank and the Board of Directors of The Bank of Rajasthan Limited (Bank of Rajasthan), an old private sector bank, at their respective meetings approved an all-stock amalgamation of Bank of Rajast han with ICICI Bank at a share exchange ratio of 25 shares of ICICI Bank for 118 shares of Bank of Rajasthan. The shareholders of ICICI Bank and Bank of Rajasthan approved the scheme of amalgamation at their respective extra-ordinary general meetings.RBI approved the scheme of amalgamation with effect from close of business on August 12, 2010. We have issued 31. 3 million shares in August 2010 and 2. 9 million shares in November 2010 to shareholders of Bank of Rajasthan. The total assets of Bank of Rajasthan represented 4. 0% of total assets of ICICI Bank at August 12, 2010. At August 12, 2010, Bank of Rajasthan had total assets of Rs. 155. 96 billion, deposits of Rs. 134. 83 billion, loans of Rs. 65. 28 billion and investments of Rs. 70. 96 billion. It incurred a loss of Rs. 1. 02 billion in fiscal 2010.The results for fiscal 2011 include results of Bank of Rajasthan for the period from August 13, 2010 to March 31, 2011. The assets and liabilities of Bank of Rajasthan have been acc ounted at the values at which they were appearing in the books of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010 and provisions were made for the difference between the book values appearing in the books of Bank of Rajasthan and the fair value as determined by ICICI Bank. The amalgamation was part of our strategy to expand our branch network with a view to growing our deposit base.We believe that the combination of Bank of Rajasthan's branch franchise with our strong capital base would enhance the ability of the combined entity to capitalise on the growth opportunities in the Indian economy. Total assets increased by 11. 8% from Rs. 3,634. 00 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 4,062. 34 billion at March 31, 2011. Total deposits increased by 11. 7% from Rs. 2,020. 17 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 2,256. 02 billion at March 31, 2011. Current and savings account (CASA) deposits increased by 20. 7% from Rs. 842. 6 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 1,016. 47 billion at March 31, 2011 while term de posits increased marginally from Rs. 1,178. 01 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 1,239. 55 billion at March 31, 2011. The ratio of CASA deposits to total deposits increased from 41. 7% at March 31, 2010 to 45. 1% at March 31, 2011. Total advances increased by 19. 4% from Rs. 1,812. 06 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 2,163. 66 billion at March 31, 2011 primarily due to an increase in domestic corporate loans, overseas corporate loans and loans taken over from Bank of Rajasthan.Net non- performing assets decreased by 37. 0% from Rs. 39. 01 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 24. 58 billion at March 31, 2011 and the net non-performing asset ratio decreased from 1. 9% at March 31, 2010 to 0. 9% at March 31, 2011. We continued to expand our branch network in India. Our branch network in India increased from 1,707 branches and extension counters at March 31, 2010 to 2,529 branches and extension counters at March 31, 2011. We also increased our ATM network from 5,219 ATMs at March 31, 2010 to 6,104 ATMs at March 31, 2011.These include branches and ATMs of Bank of Rajasthan. The total capital adequacy ratio of ICICI Bank on a standalone basis at March 31, 2011 in accordance with the RBI guidelines on Basel II was 19. 5% with a tier I capital adequacy ratio of 13. 2% compared to a total capital adequacy of 19. 4% and tier I capital adequacy of 14. 0% at March 31, 2010 Average advances increased marginally from Rs. 1,915. 39 billion in fiscal 2010 to Rs. 1,926. 52 billion in fiscal 2011 which includes advances taken over from Bank of Rajasthan. Retail advances increased by 5. % from Rs. 790. 62 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 836. 75 billion at March 31, 2011. In US dollar terms, the net advances of overseas branches increased by 22. 8% from US$ 10. 1 billion at March 31, 2010 to US$ 12. 4 billion at March 31, 2011. In rupee terms, the net advances of overseas branches increased by 22. 1% from Rs. 451. 37 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 550. 97 billion at March 31, 2011. Payments to and provisions for employees Employee expenses increased by 46. 3% from Rs. 19. 26 billion in fiscal 2010 to Rs. 28. 17 billion in fiscal 2011.Employee expenses increased primarily due to addition of employees of Bank of Rajasthan, annual increase in salaries and provision for payment of performance bonus and performance- linked retention pay during the period and increase in the employee base, including sales executives, employees on fixed term contracts and interns, from 41,068 employees at March 31, 2010 to 56,969 employees at March 31, 2011 (including employees of Bank of Rajasthan). Tax expense The income tax expense (including wealth tax) increased by 22. 0% from Rs. 13. 20 billion in fiscal 2010 to Rs. 16. 10 billion in fiscal 2011.The effective tax rate of 23. 8% in fiscal 2011 was lower compared to the effective tax rate of 24. 7% in fiscal 2010 primarily due to change in mix of taxable profits with a higher component of exempt income in the current fiscal year and tax benefits from the amalgamation of Bank of Rajasthan. The total assets increased by 11. 8% from Rs. 3,634. 00 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 4,062. 34 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 155. 96 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010), primarily due to increase in investments and advances. Investments increased by 11. 4% from Rs. 1,208. 3 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 1,346. 86 billion at March 31, 2011. The net advances increased by 19. 4% from Rs. 1,812. 06 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 2,163. 66 billion at March 31, 2011. Investments Total investments increased by 11. 4% from Rs. 1,208. 93 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 1,346. 86 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 70. 96 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010), primarily due to an increase in investment in corporate bonds and debentures by Rs. 125. 1 1 billion, RIDF and other related investments in lieu of shortfall in directed lending requirements by Rs. 49. 0 billion (including Rs. 21. 34 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010) and investments in commercial paper and certificate of deposits by Rs. 31. 21 billion. The investment in pass- through certificates decreased by Rs. 15. 93 billion at March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010. At March 31, 2011, we had an outstanding net investment of Rs. 28. 31 billion in security receipts issued by asset reconstruction companies in relation to sale of non-performing assets compared to Rs. 33. 94 billion at March 31, 2010. At March 31, 2011, we had a gross portfolio of funded credit derivatives of Rs. 0. 60 billion and non-funded credit derivatives of Rs. 28. 17 billion, which includes Rs. 0. 22 billion as protection bought by us. Advances Net advances increased by 19. 4% from Rs. 1,812. 06 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 2,163. 66 billion at March 31, 2011 primarily due to increase in domestic corporate loans, overseas corporate loans and loans taken over from Bank of Rajasthan amounting to Rs. 65. 28 billi on at August 12, 2010. Net retail advances increased by 5. 8% from Rs. 790. 62 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 836. 75 billion at March 31, 2011.In rupee terms, net advances of overseas branches (including offshore banking unit) increased by 22. 1% from Rs. 451. 37 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 550. 97 billion at March 31, 2011. Fixed and other assets Fixed assets increased by 47. 7% from Rs. 32. 13 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 47. 44 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 5. 15 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010) primarily due to part capitalisation of the Bank's new building in Hyderabad and increase in the branch network and other offices. Other assets decreased by 14. 9% from Rs. 192. 15 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 163. 8 billion at March 31, 2011. Total liabilities (including capital and reserves) increased by 11. 8% from Rs. 3,634. 00 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 4,062. 34 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 155. 96 billion of Bank of Rajas than at August 12, 2010), primarily due to an increase in deposits and borrowings. Deposits increased from Rs. 2,020. 17 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 2,256. 02 billion at March 31, 2011. Deposits Deposits increased by 11. 7% from Rs. 2,020. 17 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 2,256. 02 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 134. 83 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010).Term deposits increased from Rs. 1,178. 01 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 1,239. 55 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 88. 02 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010), while savings deposits increased from Rs. 532. 18 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 668. 69 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 34. 48 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010) and current deposits increased from Rs. 309. 98 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 347. 78 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 12. 32 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010). Total deposits at March 31, 2011 formed 67. % of the funding (i. e. deposits and borrowings, other than preference share capital). During fiscal 2010 and fiscal 2011, we focussed on our strategy of increasing the share of current and savings account deposits in total deposits and re-balancing our funding mix. The current and savings account deposits increased from Rs. 842. 16 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 1,016. 47 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 46. 80 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010) and the ratio of current and savings account deposits to total deposits increased from 41. 7% at March 31, 2010 to 45. % at March 31, 2011. Total liabilities (including capital and reserves) increased by 11. 8% from Rs. 3,634. 00 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 4,062. 34 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 155. 96 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010), primarily due to an increase in deposits and borrowings. Deposits increased from Rs. 2,020. 17 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 2,256. 02 billion at March 31, 2011. Deposits Deposits increased by 11. 7% from Rs. 2,020. 17 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 2,256. 02 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 134. 83 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010).Term deposits increased from Rs. 1,178. 01 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 1,239. 55 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 88. 02 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010), while savings deposits increased from Rs. 532. 18 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 668. 69 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 34. 48 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010) and current deposits increased from Rs. 309. 98 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 347. 78 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 12. 32 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010). Total deposits at March 31, 2011 formed 67. % of the funding (i. e. deposits and borrowings, other than preference share capital). During fiscal 2010 and fiscal 2011, we focussed on our strategy of increasing the share of current and savings account deposits in total deposits and re-balancing our funding mix. The current and savings account deposits increased from Rs. 842. 16 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 1,016. 47 billion at March 31, 2011 (including Rs. 46. 80 billion of Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010) and the ratio of current and savings account deposits to total deposits increased from 41. 7% at March 31, 2010 to 45. 1% at March 31, 2011.Equity share capital and reserves Equity share capital and reserves increased from Rs. 516. 18 billion at March 31, 2010 to Rs. 550. 91 billion at March 31, 2011 (including statutory reserve of Rs. 2. 00 billion taken over from Bank of Rajasthan at August 12, 2010) primarily due to allotment of shares to the shareholders of Bank of Rajasthan and annual accretion to reserves out of profit. Excess of paid-up value of equity shares issued over the fair value of the net assets acquired in the amalgamation and amalgamation expenses, amounting to Rs. 2. 10 billion hav e been adjusted against the securities premium account.

Two Countries essays

Two Countries essays Two countries, one throne, immeasurable greed and Joan of arc were all part of the hundred-year war. France for the most part was not winning any major battles until the year 1415; 78 years after the war had already started in 1337. Although France was 3 times larger than England malnutrition and a struggle between the social classes would have a great impact on their side of the war. Until 1429 when Joan of arc arrives to help revive and unify France. Joan of arc born in Domremy, France was born to a life of peasant farming. Her natural name was Jeanne d arc. She had no military history, or knowledge of warfare but a message from the Kingdom of Heaven, that would help revive France and God willing win a war that was very much out of reach for the French. Joan at the age of 17 decides to go to the king to tell him of her message. Joan pleads to the king, Charles VII that the Kingdom of God called upon her to reclaim Orleans, a very strategic location for France. Charles VII desperate, skeptical, and on the brink of losing the war gives her a fresh army to battle the English. The English already tired after battling for 6 months at Orleans are about to withdraw from there until Joan arrives. Then, she consults with Captains at Orleans. After reported attempts to negotiate the English refuse and are insulted. Soon then after Bouis; who had been there previously but left to get reinforcements comes back to Orleans to fight the English at Bastille de Saint Loup, an eastern road to Orleans. Joan sees him and goes to aid him as they defeat the English there. Later the French troops would fight at Bastille de St. Jean le Blanc, where the English would fall back to the Bastille Des Augustins. Joan and La Hire join the French and defeat them there. During the fight though Joan steps on a c altrop and wounds her foot, later she would predict a more serious wound to come. The next day ...

Definition, Usage, and Examples of Italics

Definition, Usage, and Examples of Italics Italics  is a style of typeface in which letters slant to the right:  This sentence is printed in italics. Verb: italicize. In handwriting, the equivalent of italics is underlining. As shown below, italics are most commonly used for the titles of works that stand by themselves, such as the names of books, films, and video games.  Another customary use of  italics is  to give emphasis to key words and phrases in a sentence. Although its important to use italics appropriately in formal, academic  writing, italic type is not always available in less formal communications, such as in emails and text messages.   Etymology From the Latin, Italy Guidelines for Using Italics As a general rule, italicize the titles of complete works: Albums and CDs:  1989  by Taylor SwiftBooks: To Kill a Mockingbird  by Harper LeeMagazines and journals (print and online): Sports Illustrated, Slate, and  Journal of LinguisticsNewspapers: The New York TimesMovies: The MartianPlays:  A Raisin in the Sun  by Lorraine HansberrySoftware programs:  Microsoft PowerPoint  Television programs: Doctor WhoVideo games:  Grand Theft Auto VWorks of art: Nighthawks  by Edward Hopper The titles of comparatively short works- songs, poems, short stories, essays, and episodes of TV programs- should be enclosed in quotation marks. As a general rule, italicize the names of aircraft, ships, and trains; foreign words used in an English sentence; and words and letters discussed as words and letters: These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise.From 1925 to 1953, a passenger train named the Orange Blossom Special brought vacationers to sunny Florida from New York.There is no danger that Titanic will sink. The boat is unsinkable and nothing but inconvenience will be suffered by the passengers.Come kiss me, and say goodbye like a man. No, not good-bye, au revoir.Every word she writes is a lie, including and and the. As a general rule, use italics to emphasize words and phrases- but dont overwork this device: Then I started reading this timetable I had in my pocket. Just to stop lying. Once I get started, I can go on for hours if I feel like it. No kidding.  Hours. Observations Italics rarely fail to insult the readers intelligence. More often than not they tell us to emphasize a word or phrase that we would emphasize automatically in any natural reading of the sentence.Think of italics as butterflies that might swoop across the page, allow them to flit about, land here and there, softly; gently; dont treat them as a blanket that must spread itself across the entire page. The butterfly approach will bring a dash of color; the blanket approach will darken everything.Underlining is to... handwritten papers what italics are to more formal publishing... Today the only widespread use of underlined text is to denote clickable links in Web documents. (The newspaper convention, which I use as a newspaperman and which was also a response to a technical inability to use italics, is quotation marks for book, movie, and other titles.) Pronunciation ih-TAL-iks Sources Title sequence of the original  Star Trek  TV series Phillip Franklin, Vice President of White Star Line William Graham, Chats With Jane Clermont, 1893 Mary McCarthy on Lillian Hellman J. D. Salinger,  The Catcher in the Rye, 1951 Paul Robinson, The Philosophy of Punctuation.  Opera, Sex, and Other Vital Matters. University of Chicago Press, 2002 William Noble,  Nobles Book of Writing Blunders (and How to Avoid Them). Writers Digest Books, 2006 Bill Walsh,  The Elephants of Style. McGraw-Hill, 2004

Shintoism in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shintoism in Japan - Essay Example This indigenous religion of Japan is an unstructured mixture of a several beliefs and practices such as the worship of nature, future foretelling, fertility sects and shamanism. In its most fundamental form, Shinto is the religious structure of Japanese nationalism. According to Shinto tradition, the Japanese people and their country were divinely created, their emperors descendants of the Sun Goddess. Commonly, Japanese who are affiliated with Confucianism or the Buddhist religion are simultaneously affiliated with the Shinto sect. The two revered books of Shintoism are the Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan) and the Kojiki (Chronicles of Ancient Events). The Kojiki teaches that in the beginning were the two kami (deities), Izanagi (male-who-invites) and Izanami (female who-invites). Following the creation of Japan they produced many other kami. According to this mythological legend, Izanami passed away after giving birth to the kami of fire. Izanagi, in an attempt to find her, voyaged to Hell where he found her decomposed body infested by maggots. Horrified, he then went back to Japan in revulsion and purified himself by entering a body of water. The Sun Goddess, the Great Kami Amaterasu emerged when he washed out his left eye and Tsukiyom the Moon Kami materialized when he washed out his right eye. Following many years of war between the people of Japan, the Sun Goddess made her grandson, Ninigi, the first emperor of Japan. The Shinto religion is the only religion of the world that is represented by a female Deity. Japanese legend contends that the first emperor appeared during the seventh century B.C. but modern researchers put the actual beginnings of Japanese emperorship at about 200 A. D.

Product Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Product - Article Example It is important to know why prices of petroleum products make a random up and down movement in price line. Being a product of global petroleum market, its supply chain participants’ list is complex. Although its supply is not short but demand of gasoline is likely to grow. To fulfill the demand side, its production and imports needs to be increased if the public is to be served with a constant price line. Petroleum companies’ lenient attitude in strengthening the supply line creates temporary shortage of gasoline; it affects the price. Market for petroleum goods reacts to the dynamics of supply/demand. Any supply imbalance created takes some time, so the price of gasoline gets increased for some time only; as soon as supply is replenished, balance in demand and supply pulls down the hike in price. Market mechanism works to provide the speedy and the most effective answer to the supply disturbances (National Petroleum Council, 2004). In the U.S. gasoline prices have seen wider fluctuations. People have spent millions of dollars extra on gasoline during 2004 and 2005. Some areas have been affected sharply than others. In the spring of 2005, gasoline national weekly average prices at the gas stations after including taxes increased $2.28 per gallon. This hike in gasoline prices was steep but temporary and was felt throughout the U.S. It is also observed that sometimes gasoline prices in some particular areas are higher than rest of the market. According to the Federal Trade Commission Report (2005), since the mid nineties, the West Coast consumers, especially the Californians have paid more dollars for gasoline than rest of the U.S. states. Other than the dynamics of demand and supply, federal, state, and local regulations also affect the price of gasoline. Policy makers need to analyze to select the right strategies to counter the hike in gasoline prices. Price hike in gasoline is closely associated with antitrust issues, as analyzed by the

The Conduct of Health Insurance Policy Fraud in the Rainmaker Assignment

The Conduct of Health Insurance Policy Fraud in the Rainmaker - Assignment Example Great Benefit insurance company has wilfully committed fraud when it continued to accept premiums and new policyholders when it knows for a fact that it is in a precarious financial condition to settle obligations due to its huge debt. I would like to give Great Benefit insurance company the benefit of the doubt that when it incorporated the company, it did not intend to wrong its policyholders but meant to fulfill its obligation. In the novel or movie, the insurance company may have been caused to commit fraud to preserve itself as a business entity because it is already hemorrhaging financially due to heavy debts. They may have employed the initial policy of denying all claims regardless of its legitimacy as a coping mechanism of their dire financial status. So the first measure that I will institute is for the insurance company to avoid the circumstance that will cause them to commit fraud in the future. I will fix their financial position by devising a policy that will make the company liquid at all times to settle all the claims of its policyholders in the future. Just like in the banks, I will require the insurance to have a liquidity that is commensurate to a certain number of policyholders that should a significant number of them will file a legitimate claim against their policies, the insurance company will be in a financial position to fulfill its obligation. Equally important is the institution of a policy of limiting the acceptance of new policyholders in accordance with its financial capacity and liquidity. For the time being, I will recommend that Great Benefits insurance company not to accept new policyholder until it has restructured its financial position.

The Relationship Between Tourism And Terrorism Tourism Essay

The Relationship Between Tourism And Terrorism Tourism Essay The words tourism and terrorism exist at either end of a continuum of quality of life. The word tourism means living happily, enjoyment, and relaxation, while terrorism means feeling of death, destruction, fears and panics every where. According to Beirman (2003), tourists are primary concerned with travelling to the destination satisfying their desires with minimum complications, threats to their safety and wellbeing , while on the other hand Gilham (2001) said, physical threat or serious disturbances to ones plans are suffer to reduce the prospects of a tourist destination or tourist firm. In past decade terrorism has very severe impacts on the travel and tourism industry than any other industry. The main reason of this may be because the basic objectives of the terrorist groups are to spread fear, as a result the basic safety and security of people threatened. According to Abraham Maslow (1943) the Hierarchy of needs, he said that human nature never satisfied when they have met th eir basic needs for safety and security. When they are able to satisfy their basic needs, then they attempt to satisfy their self actualisation needs such as better life, travel and tourism. According to Essner 2003), the psychological impacts are enough to have severe impacts on tourism. The fear of terrorism is irrational, because in terrorist attack chances of being killed are very little and security environment has demonstrated its negative impacts on tourism in many top destinations around the world. Three industries are dominated in 21st century, telecommunications, Information technology and tourism. According to World Tourism Organization 2008 report, tourism provides employment over 100 millions around the world. Tourism is an important economic sector for UK economy and according to BBC 2010 report; domestic and overseas visitors put an  £115 billions a year in UK economy. The direct contribution in the UK economy was  £52 billion in term of GDP which represent 4% of UK economy. Tourism also provides 1.36 million jobs in 2009 to UK workforce which is 4.4% of total work force. UK is the worlds sixth largest international tourism destination in term on number of tourists, but after September 11, 2001 and July 7, 2005 incidents this industry was badly affected. According to the LCCI (2005) report, it has been estimated that the fall in tourism could cost UK tourism industry over  £300 millions. In this competitive age, the business environment is changing dramatically. Terrorism is the biggest threat to tourism industry because travel is susceptible to the incidents of terrorism. When people travel they always avoid hazards, so for tourists safety is the major concern. During the past decade especially after September 11 2001, there are number of events which have had significant negative impacts on UK tourism. The correlation between terrorism and tourism is undeniable in the era due to industry strength and tourist places are the ideal target for terrorist to create large amount of economic and social disruption in the country. In UK terrorism can be seen in substantial part, as a result of this backlash to the tourism industry. There are number of definitions of terrorism, in the world of Alexander et al (1979) terrorism is a threat or use of enforcement and inclemency to achieve a political goal by means of intimidation fear, and coercion. In the present world context, the European Union (2001) define the terrorism relevant to international business in the following words. Terrorist offences are certain criminal offences set out in a list comprised largely of serious offences against persons and property which, given their nature or context, may seriously damage a country or an international organisation where committed with the aim of: seriously intimidating a population; or unduly compelling a Government or international organisation to perform or abstain from performing any act; or seriously destabilizing or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of a country or an international organisation. According to U.S Department of state (2002), terrorist select businesses (e.g. tourism places) for attack compare to other targets. The most kind of attack is bomb blast, although armed attacks and kidnapping are also some kinds of terrorist attacks. According to Council of Foreign Relations (2002) reported the majority of victims in terrorist attack are civilians. The relatively large number of tourists may not prepare to face these kinds of terrorist attacks. However the scenario has changed as it was at the time of terrorist attack in 9/11. Kunreuther et al (2003) cited that during the days of terrorist attacks in 9/11 a common feeling came into mind of people that it could be me. But with the passage of time this may give way to may be it will not me next time. This kind of behaviour is more common now a day in south Asia. But it is a common thinking that it is extremely easy for terrorist that to attack any where in the world. Even in low cost and low tech attacks, terrorists ac hieve to disrupt the tourism industry. Terrorism has deep history science the cold war but this issue become most salient after terrorist attacks in September 11 2001. This incident affected the UK and international tourism industry in various ways. On one hand the world tourism industry was affected financially, the other hand it suffers due to legal and security issues. The international tourism industry between countries was most seriously affected due to security and safety concerns and legal issue. Especially UK, US and other developed countries were compulsion to protect their territory and people at any cost. Tourism industry in UK and USA found themselves floundering financially in the months after the terrorist attack on world Trade Centre, while rest of the world tourism industry also lost millions of dollars. According to U.S department of state (2002) more than 3000 people of different nationalities were killed in the terrorist attacks only in the United States in September 11, 2001. The attacks were the consp icuous example of terrorism on global level. According to the overview of European commission (2001) this was the one of the major event in the past decades which diversifies the viewpoint and outlook of people around the world. Terrorism affects both the long term and short term perspectives of the businesses around the world. Czinkota (2002) cited that terrorism influenced long term karma of entire industries, for example tourism, retailing and manufacturing industries. After the September 11 terrorist attacks many international tourist destinations have badly affected legally because countries have introduced new laws for foreigner tourists e.g. strict visas requirements, security check and criminal record check etc. UK government also introduced strict immigration law for every one who wishes to come UK for tourism in the effort to prevent further terrorist attacks. The new terrorist laws restricted the tourists for freely travel across the UK borders and require by security department to keep proper track of their activities. The anti terrorist laws have made very complicated for tourism industry to conduct its business activities across the international borders as a result many countries tourism industries have financially struggled. Another major issue that affect the international tourism industry is security and government have to invest huge amount of money to improve both internal and external security. The security is most important becau se terrorist target hot spots to achieve their targets. There is not a vast existing literature which shows the relationship between terrorism and tourism management theories, and the lack of presence of research literature is absolutely visible on the relationship between terrorism and tourism management, which elaborates constructive techniques for tourism industry in the presence of phenomena of terrorism. Terrorism has capacity to create atmosphere of fear and can be intimidate industry in number of ways. This threat of terrorism attacks poses a continuous atmosphere of risk for the tourism around the world. This risk itself creates extension for treatment of risk in management theories. The majority of management literature theories adopt term uncertainty as a factor of unpredictable environment which may influence the performance of firms in certain ways. The environment effected by terrorism also has a factor of unpredictability in it. This study is another attempt to research and investigates impacts of terrorism on the tourism in dustry in UK and we will also discuss different approaches for reducing and handling the terrorism threats. Research aim and objective: Research Aim: This aim of this research is to analyse and explore the effects of terrorism on tourism industry in the United Kingdom after September 11 2001. The second part of my research is to critically analyse and recommend the most appropriate strategies for tourism industry to deal with the terrorist threats or scrutinize the different strategic views to avoid and minimise the impact of terrorism on industry. Research Objectives: This research has the following individual objectives: Critically analyse the impact of terrorism on individual organization and the whole market. Evaluate the managerial performance in organizations, before, during and after the happening of the terrorist attacks and in uncertain environment. Research Questions: What is terrorism and why terrorist target business? What are the effects of terrorism on business? How to development strategy for managers or adopt a better approaches to deal with above mentioned issues? Abbreviation and terminology: Uncertainty: specifically mean the unpredictable environment; it is unpredictable when next terrorist attack will occur. Risk: mean threat; internal and external threat in business environment which may affect the productivity of organisation.