Analysis of Romeo and Juliets Exchange in William...

Analysis of Romeo and Juliets Exchange in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare explains 3 types of love, Courtly, arranged and spontaneous and even more. Love is one of the powerful emotions known by the human being. The most renown play Romeo + Juliet and has found its place in history. Shakespeare packs a great deal of meaning into each line. You can read Romeo + Juliet to find out about Elizabethan life, but in them you will also see reflected back at you the unchanging aspects of humanity. It seems as if Shakespeare looked for things that wouldnt change like love, power, honour, friendship and loyalty. We see love: at first sight, which is one-sided and between young lovers. We†¦show more content†¦His thoughts are kept very quiet, O she doth teach the torches to burn bright. Which means he feels that she is outstanding. Romeo then goes on to, beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear. His images are of light and radiance and passion. Romeo then decides to see where she is going so then he can make his move. In Shakespeares time yo ung girls were in a position to respond in kind. I think Romeo is hopelessly in love, but he has no idea that his identity is discovered and really he is in danger. The Elizabethans were extremely paranoid about balance. The ball allows Romeo and Juliet to touch physically and this would not have been allowed in other circumstances. Juliets freedom of movement would have been severely limited. His greeting is very sensitive and secure and we thought it would be courtly. if I preface with my unworthiest hand I think this means he feels that she is something special and he worships her. Romeos language seems to be very religious as he says things like, Holy shrine, gentle sin. This is where he speaks his heart, which is a gentle tender moment. Romeo realises her, Blushing. Juliets response is very hole hearted; she feels he is a saint. They both worship eachShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1197 Words   |  5 Pagesforbidding it’s deadly, referring of cour se to the classic William Shakespeare play of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, set in Verona, Italy. The play examines two families, the Montauges and the Capulets caught in an ongoing battle of hate, however two of the children manage to find love. All is not fair in love and war, and this play examines some examples of how love and hate correlate to each other in this captivating tale of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†. It’s a feud so deep and long lasting it seems that nothingRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Human Nature Analysis1122 Words   |  5 PagesHow has Shakespeare used Dramatic Techniques to Explore the Complexities of Human Nature? The titular play of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ by William Shakespeare, suggests a very negative view of the human nature that in all its complexities, is flawed and hinders a very glorified subject of Shakespeare’s from ultimately prevailing: love. The faults of young love, a family feud and the power struggles within the chain of being are all complex products of the human nature that prevented a happy ending. ShakespeareRead More Comparing the Love of Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night and the Bible4838 Words   |  20 Pagesgave his only Son. (John 3:6) Jesus preached a great deal about love of neighbor, love of God and even love of enemies. (Matt 5:44) Shakespeares Biblical knowledge is well known and he was certainly familiar with these concepts as he wrote his plays on the subject of love. By looking closely at his works, we can analyze the nature of true love. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare gives an example of true love overcome by tragic fate. His star-crossed lov ers are so madly in love with each other that

Use of Applied Behavior Analysis to Support Language...

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change. The definition of ABA includes six key components. The first component is the practice of applied behavior analysis is guided by the attitudes and methods of science inquiry. Second, all behavior change procedures are described and implemented in a systematic, technological manner. Third, not any means of changing behavior qualifies as applied behavior analysis: Only those procedures conceptually derived from the basic principles of behavior are circumscribed by the field. Fourth,†¦show more content†¦People with autism have issues with non-verbal communication, a wide range of social interactions, and activities that include play. (What is Autism? What Causes Autism?) The characteristics of autism include relativ e strengths in visual processing and relative deficits in auditory processing. Students with autism typically have difficulties with communication and social relatedness. The lack of efficient communication skills combined with an inadequate behavioral repertoire can cause problem behaviors. (Scott, 2000) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects one out of every 88 children in the United States. It occurs more often among boys than girls. Autism appears to be on the rise and it is unclear whether the growing number of diagnoses shows a real increase or improved detection. Early diagnosis is extremely important, and it can help a child with autism make significant gains in language and social skills. (Alli, N.D) With autism on the rise, there are many treatments and therapies available to help children with autism. Children with autism sometimes have a difficult time transitioning from one activity to the next, and many times children with autism display inappropriate behavior. Many interventions and studies are done to try to smooth this transition as well as the inappropriate behavior that might be seen during theShow MoreRelatedEssay on autism807 Words   |  4 Pages What is Autism? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Autism is a developmental disability that affects all areas of behavior and perception. Approximately 10 out of every 10,000 children are diagnosed with autism and four out of five are males. Autism is the third most common developmental disability, more common than Down Syndrome. Children with Autism are characterized by impairment in several areas of development such as: Cognitive, Language, Play/Socialization skills and exhibit many challengingRead More Autism Spectrum Disorder and Interventions1042 Words   |  5 Pages Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that develops during a child’s first few years of life (Lesack, Bearss, Celano, Sharp, 2014). This disorder occurs significantly more often in boys than girls (Goldstein, Naglieri, Rzepa, Williams, 2012). Autism is part of a group that is known as pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), which also includes Asperger’s disorder, Rett disorder, chil dhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive development disorder not otherwiseRead MoreStudies and Techniques for Teaching Children with Autism1296 Words   |  5 Pagesdiseases and disorders that plague today’s world, but one of the most serious of those disorders is autism. In fact, autism is the third most common developmental disability affecting four hundred thousand people worldwide (Autism Society of America). As of yet there is no treatment for autism, only a variety of dealing with this disorder. Autism is a process disorder of brain function. People with autism have trouble in communication, social interactions and play activities. This disorder makes it difficultRead MoreTreatment Options Used for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder1440 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known as a neurodevelopmental disorder that is capable of weakening communication, behavior and socialization. The term ASD includes three major subtypes which is Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Asperger’s Disorder. About 9.0 in 1000 children have ASD and certain types of autism might not be identified until three years of life. The probability of boys being diagnosed is higher compared to girls (Bravaccio et al. 2013)Read MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1140 Words   |  5 Pages(2013), â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors, and stereotyped interests and activities† (p. 748). However, symptoms and their severity vary greatly in each child. There are three types that have been identified: Classic Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. The caus e of autism is unknown. According to Lockwood (2013), â€Å"Childhood Autism Risk fromRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder, Asperger Syndrome, And Pervasive Developmental Disorders1153 Words   |  5 Pages According to Peterson, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors, and stereotyped interests and activities (as cited in Leifer, 2015, p. 748). However, symptoms and their severity vary greatly in each child. There are three types that have been identified: Classic autism, Asperger syndrome, and Pervasive developmental disorders. The cause of autism is unknown. According toRead More Children With Autism Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesChildren With Autism Children with autism have the possibility to improve greatly, and some even overcome the effects of autism if appropriate therapies are begun early enough. A multifaceted disorder, autism has long baffled professionals and parents alike. At a point in time, doctors gave parents absolutely no hope for the recovery of their children. But recently, new treatments and therapies have shown that improvement is possible. With early intervention, intensiveRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1180 Words   |  5 Pages Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism defines as a developmental disability affecting verbal, and non-verbal communication and social interaction. Many experts estimated that 1 out of 68 children are diagnosed with autism and researchers are not sure about what causes it? There are numerous treatment to support children with autism but there is no known cure (Mash and Wolfe, 2015). In article,The Kid Who Beat Autism, Ruth Padawer states that autism can be cured with A.BRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1883 Words   |  8 PagesAn Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurological condition that effects social interactions and communication. The Autism Spectrum Disorder is present starting in the early childhood years. In earlier years Bettleheim thought autism spectrum disorder was acquired by a â€Å"psychiatric response to an unsupportive and deprived environment† (Hunt, pg. 305). The current understanding about how autism spectrum disorder is acquired is that the child’s brain poses neurological differences and starts beforeRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder : A Complex Disorder Of Brain Development Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pages Autism spectrum disorder is a complex disorder of brain development characterized by early onset difficulties in social communication, behavior, and sensory processing (Webb, 2009). Although, based on the child, symptoms can vary widely within each of these areas. Characteristics of autism often begin to surface between the ages of 8-10 months old, and continue to become more apparent as the child ages. Symptoms of ASD in infants include, failure to respond to their names, delayed babbling, and

A Research Study On Online Interviews - 1480 Words

Methodology Online interviews: a list of questions relevant to the research topic shall be prepared by the research team. The questions will revolve around the strategies that small businesses can employ to gain a large customer base. Online interviews can be done through computer systems like Skype, IMO and also through telephone calls (McMunn 23). This method is very efficient because the research team can deal with a big number of people at the convenience of one’s location without the participants having to travel for the interviews. Moreover, this mode of data collection is cheap, fast and convenient for both the research team and the participant and would help the research team to gather the desired information immediately the team gets in touch with the participants. In addition, the interviewer, who is in this case is a member of the research team, shall have an opportunity to ask relevant questions directly to the client but not limited to the questions on the list and at the sam e time putting down into writing the responses provided. Online questionnaires: in this case, the research team shall prepare a website and also request for the participants wishing to respond using the questionnaire mode to provide the team with their email addresses. The team would then after drafting the questions send the questionnaire form to all the participant email addresses. Those without email addresses can access and respond to the questions from the team’s website. 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Shylock Villain Or Victim Study Essay Example For Students

Shylock: Villain Or Victim Study Essay Described by many as the most complex character Shakespeare ever created, all view him as a greedy moneylender who cares little for his daughter and whose only concern is to receive his pound of flesh from a respectable merchant. Shylock is not just the stereotypical villain but in spite of this the audience might feel that Shylock is a dignified god fearing man who is driven to revenge by the callous acts of Christians and also the theft of his only child and earned money from a Christian. Including when Shylock goes to seek justice he is degraded and dehumanised in front of his bitter enemies. However, in Shakespearean England anti-Semitism was rife. Jews were widely regarded as evil and the entire community had been expelled from England in 1290 and other countries shortly afterwards. They were not allowed to return until the mid-seventeenth century and therefore, there were no Jews in England in Shakespeares time. Jews were persecuted worldwide and forced to live their lives in ghettos. Audiences from Shakespearean time who were predominately Christians would have been delighted in viewing the Christians defeat him, where as in our todays society is multicultural and diverse hence they may have a much different opinion on this topic. Depicted as a villain to many readers Shylock shows his hatred towards Antonio and Christians evident of this quotation where in the first scene he says in aside to the audience; I hate him for he is a Christian; But more, for that in low simplicity He lends out money gratis, and brings down The rate of usance here with us in Venice; Act I Scene iii. This shows that Shylocks reasons for hating Antonio are not only because he is a Christian and the way he treats Shylock and fellow Jews, but more so the fact that he lends money to people without charging interest, hence which adversely affects Shylocks livelihood. This open display of his greed and hatred makes Shylock immediately an unsympathetic character. Not forgetting the hatred of Jews in that society can also have lead to Shylocks dislike of Christians. Furthermore Shylocks hatred for Antonio can also build up the dislike to Christians due to the fact that Antonio himself is a Christian, which portrays Shylock as narrow-minded, a characteristic associated with archetypical villains. Shylock also displays elements of belligerence in his refusal to ever forgive the Christians. We also learn of his intent regarding Antonios life; If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. Act I Scene iii. In todays society Shylocks hatred to Christians and Antonios hatred to Jews can be seen as a modern day racism, which in our society has serious penalties and consequences. However, in the Shakespearean society racism was widespread and one of many factors an average person would judge someone at first glance, would be their religion. This shows the unbearable amount of hatred inside of Shylock but where this hatred amounted from can be elaborated. Conversely it could be argued that Shylock has suffered a lot of racist abuse maybe more often than an average Jew in that society. Shylock has been called names such as evil soul and dog Jew, which portrays severe hatred to Shylock probably due to his occupation of money lending. Does this not show what Shylock would have to bear from fellow citizens? The reader is first introduced to Shylock in Act I Scene iii where the reader learns of the abuse he has suffered at the hands of the Christians. many a time and oft In the Rialto you have rated me Still have I borne it with a patient shrug You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spet upon my Jewish gabardine Act I Scene iii. This shows how much Shylock has endured from haters. It is possible shown from the evidence of the racist society that the constant verbal abusers would have been Christians therefore it is understandable the hate arising within Shylock. It can also be understandable that a he intends to treat Christians the way they treat him, cursing and spitting on his Jewish gabardine. Is he not human to feel vengeance towards the Christians who hate him? However the immensity of his vengeance can only be assumed by the amount of times Shylock has been abused by a Christian. This shows that there could be extra vengeance personally towards Antonio from Shylock because most of this abuse is from Antonio. Where without remorse, Antonio admits he would readily do this again. Surely no one could blame Shylock for being angry by this deliberate racism. In addition, Antonio lends money to people with no added interest alongside his business of ships and goods, whereas Shylocks only business is of lending money with added interest. Therefore many customers that could have gone to Shylock prefer to go to Antonio. This again can affect the livelihood of Shylock. The Portman Hotel – Case Study EssayFurther more to be mentioned as walking as or belong side the devil, as said by the Christians the Devil here he comes in the likeness of a Jew is worse than being hurled abuse. More so the devil and its likeness of a Jew being mentioned also portrays hate towards Jews. This gives an idea that they may not know Shylock, but because of his religion they are at first glance accusing him of being an outcast, which was previously mentioned in the essay. They also seek to torment him even when he is most vulnerable, such as when Jessica elopes with Lorenzo Salerio and Salanio they taunt him about his losses and mock him; Shylock: You knew, none so well, none so well as you, of my daughters flight. Salerio: Thats certain: I, for my part, knew the tailor that made the wings she flew withal. Act III Scene I. This proves how much Shylock is mocked and has to endure in his life, even after the people closest to him have deserted him. This also shows how open and unsecure Shylock feels as if there is no privacy in his life everyone he turn to knows about his happenings such as his daughter eloping and his money being stolen. Shylock is not able to avenge himself upon Jessica, however seizes the oppurtinity to make the Christians suffer through Antonio instead. This, added to his hatred for Antonio as an individual, gives the perfect oppurtunity for revenge or retribution. Antonios ships sink and therefore he is unable to pay the money he owes to Shylock. This is the oppurtunity Shylock had been waitng for, his retribution towards Christians and Antonio. Shylock is determined that Antonio must abide by the bond they agreed on, which will definitly end with the death of Antonio. The pound of flesh demanded by Shylock in the bond seems inhuman, yet despite many pleas of mercy from Antonio and Friends Shylock is still determined to have what he is entitled to by law. He sits ready with his knife, getting ready to cut the flesh himself in the open court room, he even refuses to allow a surgeon to be present. Is it so nominated in the bond? Shylock is naive in the way that he believes that he can take on the Christians and win when the foundation of Venation law is designed to serve the best interests of the Christians. Shylocks punishment is overly harsh with Antonio forcing him to convert to Christianity. Shylocks life is spared but he may be better off dead because he has nothing to live on, all his wealth has been distributed among his sworn enemies. Sterotypicaly it seems the villain is punished and the threat is over. Although Shylock pursues his revenge fervently he still has the audiences sympathy because of the unfair and harsh punishment he receives. It strikes a modern day audience as grossly unfair that the severity of his punishment reflects not his crime, but his race. He is a victim of the Christians intolerance of other races and ideas. In all, this essay believes that Shylock is merely a Victim who has the right to have vengeance for all he has suffered but instead had been humiliated a racist society in which a Christian will reep awards accusing a Jew. Furthermore, his only daughter elopes with a Christian which is also one of his persecutors. She steals his money and the ring his wife gave him. It seems justified that he should feel betrayed and hurt. Shylock only demanded a bond that Antonio had accepted to and it could be argued that if Antonio was not willing to die, then why did he consent to Shylocks contract or bond in the first place. We can only guess at the way in which Shakespeare intended Shylock to be portrayed. He becomes throughout the play, an increasingly lone figure and is portrayed by Shakespeare to be in some ways very human. This essay feels that Shakespeare intended Shylock to be a victim, however it can also be argued that Shakespeare himself decided to show Shylock completely defeated at the end of the play, and to not even have his religion to hold on to, that indicates Shylock to be to an extent a villain; moreso this essy believes he was created to challenge the pre-conceptions and ideologies of the Elizabethan era. In addition this essay believes that he is not a villain because he inspires too much emapthy in an audience to ever be that. Having said this, This essay feels that it is not productive for us to simply categorise Shylock as either victim or villain. Through Shylock, Shakespeare explores the way in which the line between the oppressed and the oppressor can become vague.

Introduction to Management

Emerging Issues That Will Affect Business in the UAE One emerging issue that businesses in the UAE must deal with in the future is localization. Multi-National Enterprises (MNEs) face the challenge of making their business operations local to effectively compete in the UAE business environment. There are laws in the UAE governing aspects of localization for MNEs.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Introduction to Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, their implementation is somewhat ambiguous. Thus, companies rely on the need to realize economic returns as a factor influencing their localization policy. Unfortunately, the present situation allows some MNEs to avoid the localization of their operations. Moreover, those that succeed in implementing localization may not go as deep as it is necessary to maintain their competitive strategies in the end. Localization differently affects various compani es. First, in the UAE, the government through its agencies is the biggest consumer of products and services in the economy. Companies that encourage the employment of UAE citizens and subcontract their work to native companies have a higher chance of doing business with the government. The lucrativeness of government contracts in the UAE force many MNEs to hire local staffs. Not all MNEs will survive the dynamic market of the country if all they do is hire local staffs. The UAE continues to emerge as a force to reckon in the global business environment. As it rises, its citizens and laws also evolve to provide better control and management the economy. MNEs that early adopted the concept of localization have an advantage over new companies, which are copying an already existing trend. For the former, their need to realize economic gains prompted them to develop strategic plans in accordance with their strength and weakness analyses. However, the latter only adopt localization polici es to copy their competitors. Copying strategies of another company in the same industry does not guarantee the effectiveness of those strategies in the future. The late adopters of localization have to deal with the emerging risk of becoming irrelevant in the changing market. The UAE is likely to develop professional bodies and associations that will stress the need for the adoption of local practices among MNEs. Thus, the companies that fail to support the localization projects are already jeopardizing their future operations. Management should understand that the achievement of external legitimization by recruiting native nationals reduces their risks as they compete with homegrown firms (Forstenlechner Mellahi, 2010). For example, in the financial industry, the human resource pool of resident banks now contains a significant number of local nationals.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By default, the banks have a greater appeal to local customers. The indigenous appeal overrides customer levels of investment or their financing needs. It has only been a decade since the same banks had a staff pool made up of foreign nationals (Forstenlechner Mellahi, 2010). Therefore, localization is a challenge for multinationals seeking to have a lasting presence in the UAE. They should concentrate on the long-term rather than blindly copy their peers. Another emerging issue for business in the UAE is finding a cultural balance between their expatriate workforce and their local counterparts. Most multinationals doing business in UAE come from western countries whose liberal culture is different from the Islamic culture of the UAE. Adaptation to local cultures is the key to successful marketing of products and services of a given company. Unfortunately, most expatriate workers are not keen on changing their cultural behavior while working in the UAE. The rigid ity to change presents public relation managers of these companies with a challenge of defending the local aspects of the MNE brand. Over 80 percent of the UAE population consists of expatriates. The high number of foreigners working in the country presents companies and organization with challenges of not only coping with local cultures, but also adapting to the cultures of the various foreigners in the country. People from dissimilar parts of the world have their own ethical attitudes. While the attitudes of all the foreigners may be the same towards business, they are different in terms of community values, leadership preferences and favored forms of compensation. Human resource managers have to grapple with the issue of attracting top talent from a diverse population of both foreign and local nationals. The economic development of the UAE creates new industries and transforms existing industries, as they become more mature. The development results into an increase in the demand for skilled workers. As the demand rises, businesses realize that their preferred nationals do not possess all the skill-sets needed for particular jobs. Thus, the businesses have to recruit staff from different nations other than their own. One consequence of external recruitment is the change in the business culture, which might affect how the business delivers products and services.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Introduction to Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the inclusion of employees from diverse cultures makes it hard for human-resource managers to motivate staff. The level of motivation corresponds to the resulting performance by employees in a firm. However, the multicultural dimensions emerging from the recruitment of diverse nationals and marketing products to dissimilar residents removes the possibility of using one strategy of motivation. As a response to the above issue, management should not seek to impose new cultures on the market and on its workforce. Instead, it should place mechanisms within the organization that promote learning and cultural exchange. Feedback from the market should inform future marketing strategies to make sure that the company remains competitive and relevant. The inclusion of different nationals should also happen at management levels as the company grows to ensure that it does not show prejudice tendencies. Processes and Techniques to Override Resistance to Change To minimize resistance to change, there should be adequate communication channels between management and employees. Proper flow of information within the company leads to timely resolution of disagreements. In addition, it makes it easier and faster to announce changes that affect the entire company. Although companies have various reasons for their existence, the main reason is usually the making of profit. Profit making comes from the sale of solutions that fulfill a market need. Today, knowledge transfer and new technology remove the barriers of entry to the manufacturing business. Existing companies have to develop additional values for their products in order to remain marketable. To make the organization ready for change, management should construct value-added service-awareness processes in the operations of the company. Every staff should understand the company’s desire to enhance its value in the market. The management should approach the change process as a partnership with its staffs or customers. Therefore, it should ask them to offer suggestions that will ease the transition from product orientation to service orientation. Having the customer on board gives the impression that the company values them. The impression is in line with the overall objective of the change process. During consultations with employees and customers, the management should talk about past behaviors of either party. Thereafter, it should embrac e what is common and use that to drive an alliance for change.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All parties need to know that change is a gradual process in large organizations, and this will help reduce any reluctance when there are no immediate results to show. Competition depends on more than the price of products. Changing the interaction with consumers will only work when a change in the organizational culture accompanies the process. Thus, the leadership should lead by examples. To infuse new habits to the organization, there should be oversight management in every interaction point in the company. Moreover, during the implementation of change, management should control the flow of information. For instance, information concerning failures of certain processes or negative remarks about the intended results needs proper handling. Mistakes and other challenges need a well-managed crisis response to prevent panic and withdrawals (Bacon, 2007). Clear communication and often leaves little room for mistakes and quashes resistance. Management should understand and embrace the f ollowing three levels of transition. The first stage should be to destabilize the existing behaviors in the organization. During this phase of the change, all communication and management tasks should focus on unlearning the past culture of the organization. Here, management presents staffs with an opportunity to understand the prevailing behavior patterns so that when it comes to changing, they know the points to tackle. After the unlearning part, management moves to the second stage of moving staffs or customer to new behaviors and expectations respectively. In this instance, the strategies that infuse different behaviors will be helpful. The company leadership can modify reward systems and management styles to reflect the fresh direction of the company. For example, managers can introduce a bonus system that prompts employees to test new approaches and offer relevant feedback to earn points. They would redeem the points using various options such as off days or lunch with senior leadership. The last part of the change process involves the cementing of new behaviors and processes. Novel codes of conduct, work procedures and communication channels should become part of the institution. Management can announce to employees, and to the market that the company has changed. Thereafter, every aspect of the company structure and brand should embrace the new customer orientation. During the change process, employees, management, customers and shareholders will behave as groups. Communication should prevail among the various groups on how changes will affect them. The best way to reach each group is by using narratives that will stimulate dialogue. Although it is a slow process, the resulting dialogue allows management to remove all preceding behaviors in the group and introduce new ones. In addition, narration through various forms such as literature, audio and video are memorable. Therefore, it is possible for management to refer to them in the future as a way of h andling any resistance that emerges (Bjurklo, Edvardsson, Gebeur, 2009). Managers should avoid fighting the symptoms of resistance that come up during the transition. The handling of symptoms presents immediate results but still leaves the transitional process vulnerable. Therefore, workers should work on solving structural problems that will eradicate symptoms and increase efficacy and output. Management should believe in the economic potential of offering more services and encourage their employees to create apt means of extending the proposed service component. Thus, the firm should free its employees from current business tasks and move them to service delivery. Properly assigning employees their roles reduces the risk of product quality deterioration due to the transition (Gabauer Friedli, 2005). A company may follow the processes outlined above; however, if it does not perfectly define service, then all transition efforts will be futile. There should be a clear distinction o f product and service within the company and the definition of the latter should provide a tangible and meaningful association for employees. Having a transition system allows the firm to achieve the significant differentiation of products as platforms, which enable the creation services as the value-in-use that the customer experiences. The systems enable the application of deeds and processes that give meaning to service (Bjurklo, Edvardsson, Gebeur, 2009). Three Factors for Consideration When Adopting a Particular Leadership Style In a particular session, the leadership style is a summary of the behavior patterns that one shows when dealing with a specific group. Repetition of the equivalent leadership style when dealing with the same group or related groups of people results to a dominant leadership style. The following are factors to consider when assuming a particular leadership style. First, the leader should understand that followers react according to how they perceive a p articular style. Therefore, leaders should put into consideration, not what they believe is their leadership style, but what it means to their followers. Leadership in organizations revolves around the attainment of anticipated results from followers, thus factoring in their perception of the style is mandatory for one to expect the desired cooperation. Before choosing a leadership style, the leader must understand the concerns of his or her followers. The sustainability of the group led by the leader depends on the perception of satisfaction by its members. Second, the leader must know the level of maturity his or her group is before choosing a style. There are several stages in the development of groups. In between stages, groups rely on others and have different leadership needs. Typically, a group will move from being dependent, to counter-dependent and finally independent. In the first phase, the group solely relies on the leader. Here, the group members need guidance on what t o do and how they should serve the group. In the next phase, there are power struggles and faithful rebel against the leader’s authority. Individual members in this stage try to lead their colleagues. Finally, in the last phase, the followers are mature and work together to achieve common goals of the group. Individual efforts receive the desired recognition, and the need for leadership is minimal. Third, the personality of the leader matters when he or she is choosing a leadership style. People tend to choose a leadership style that identifies with their preferences and behavioral tendencies. Even when one receives the necessary exposure to different leadership styles, they would still use a specific style in all situations if they feel that it serves their roles. Often leaders will go with the style that they are already known for, so that they do not appear to be pretending. For example, when considering group maturity as a factor, a leader can choose an autocratic style o r a task-directed style because a group depends on its leader. In addition to providing direction, the leader uses a hands-on approach to supervise tasks and handle inquiries. The dependent group has many queries and requires powerful gestures to maintain civility; hence the option of choosing an autocratic leadership style. On the other hand, for an independent group, there is a slight need for leadership. An autocratic or task directed style would work detrimentally to the progress of the group. Instead, a democratic style that allows members to assume temporary leadership roles would be beneficial to the independent group. Another example in accordance with the first factor presented above comes from research done by Ehige and Akpan (2004) in Nigeria. The scholars found out that the leadership style of a particular organization determines the effectiveness of rewards offered to employees. In the study, the scholars confirm that the perception of employees on the leadership style matters when it comes to their motivation. When employees perceive the leadership style of the organization to be mindful of their concerns, they are likely to work well with minimal reward systems. On the other hand, if the leadership style is out of touch with employees, then the organization will need additional rewards to receive the same level of cooperation from employees. Using the above findings, the researchers recommend that organizations should train their leaders to use low maintenance styles if their organizations have the funds to offer high rewards to their employees. Conversely, if there are insufficient funds for great incentives, then the organization will have to rely on the perception of the employees on leadership as a way of motivating them. In this case, the leader should adopt a high-upkeep style, which assures employees that their needs are always under consideration (Ehige Akpan, 2004). References Bacon, T. R. (2007). Driving cultural change through behavi oral differentiation at Westinghouse. Business Strategy Series, 8(5), 350-357. doi: 10.1108/17515630710684466 Bjurklo, M., Edvardsson, B., Gebeur, H. (2009). The role of competence in initiating the transition from products to services. Managing Service Quality, 19(5), 493-51. doi: 10.1108/09604520910984346 Ehige, B. O., Akpan, R. C. (2004). Roles of perceived leadership styles and rewards in the practice of total quality management. The Leadership Organizational Developmental Journal, 25(1), 24-40. doi: 10.1108/01437730410512750 Forstenlechner, I., Mellahi, K. (2010). Gaining legitimacy through hiring locals at a premium: The case of MNEs in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of World Business, 46(4), 455-461. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2010.10.006 Gabauer, H., Friedli, T. (2005). Behavioral implications of the transition process from products to services. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 20(2), 70-78. doi: 10.1108/08858620510583669 This assessment on Introduction to Management was written and submitted by user Owen Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Face Recognition Applications for Mobile Video Devices The WritePass Journal

Face Recognition Applications for Mobile Video Devices Abstract Face Recognition Applications for Mobile Video Devices AbstractChapter 1: Introduction1.1 Project Objectives1.2 Introduction to the concepts of Face Recognition1.3 Recognition Techniques1.3.1 Previous Work 1.4 The ORL Database of FacesChapter 2: Initial Research and Development2.1 Synopsis2.2 Compressing the images (Dimensionality Reduction)2.3 Principal Component Analysis2.3.1 IntroductionChapter 4: References and Related Abstract Automatic face detection and recognition has proved to have significant potential as a research and development topic in image and real time video processing. Though complex, demanding and often error prone, a well-built face recognition system has considerable applicability in biometric scanning for airport control or in any field that requires security and surveillance measures. Even more, there is high demand from mobile companies for challenging face recognition and detection applications for devices whose video cameras have enhanced a great deal in recent years. This project is looking to investigate face recognition techniques and classification algorithms such as principal component analysis and nearest-neighbour algorithm, methods for performing face detection using Haar-like filters and implementing such concepts in a fully functional and tested system Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Project Objectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The aim of this project was to research techniques for performing face recognition and detection by machines, implement and assess the applicability of such a system and test the system. The specific objectives were the following: To understand the basics of face recognition techniques and algorithms such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Nearest Neighbour Algorithm To understand image processing techniques such as resizing, thresholding, greyscale conversion, histogram equalization To develop a real-time face recognition algorithm using PCA To   test the system performance on a database of people such as the ORL database but also in real-tim 1.2 Introduction to the concepts of Face Recognition Over the last decade the face recognition area has become a subject of great interest due to its applicability in many fields such as Computer Vision and Biometrics and it is advancing rapidly in potentially becoming one of the greatest research topics in understanding human behaviour. The act of recognising a face is an extremely simple human act for your average individual so much so that it is not even consciously acknowledged. Take the case of a person watching their favourite show on television: as soon as the protagonist pops up onto the screen their face is instantly recognised and this behavioural act, simple as it may seem at a first glance, is what started computer face recognition research. Only by trying to design a system that has some of the capabilities of a human being, that you actually begin to appreciate this amazing gift. Face Recognition Systems have their uses in many fields such as security human tracking and biometrics in controlled environments (environments in which the system is provided with the right parameters so that it will function correctly such as proper lighting, correct body posture) but also shows commercial potential for mobile devices. Having the capability to recognise human faces on your hand-held device would be a major achievement and would help to integrate such systems into the human world. But what should we focus on if we wish to build a face recognition system? Comparison of static images is a simple thing to implement in a program but recognition is much more than this. When we look at a person’s face the image our brain receives is mostly different at every moment in time: the facial expression, the eye focus, the angle of the head are all different. The word â€Å"mostly† is used intentionally to reflect the fact that the similarities between images are the key to solving the face recognition problem. These similarities are what allows a person to distinguish a person from another but also to tell that a couple of images are of the same person. There is always a pattern between images of a person and finding a way of exploiting this characteristic in a systematic way is paramount to the face recognition topic. The project focuses on investigating eigenfaces for recognition (PCA) and how they might be used to recognise faces. Image processing techniques have been investigated, with the goal of constructing a functional facial recognition system. Moreover, face detection techniques have been researched, which are used to detect and isolate faces contained within an image. The two topics, detection and recognition were implemented separately for improved testability, but were later integrated into a final system that provides real-time detection and recognition of people, using a video camera. 1.3 Recognition Techniques 1.3.1 Previous Work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Previous work in the field of facial recognition has focused on detecting individual features such as eyes, nose, mouth and head outline and defining a model for the relationship between these features [1]. Even though this approach has proven to be inefficient because the relationships between facial features is insufficient to account for the way human recognition works [1]. The first research to attempt to build a semi-automated recognition system was Woody Bledsoe in the 1960’s [3]. His system involved tracing major facial features manually such as eye corner, nose tip, mouth corners etc. He then calculated the normalized difference of these features from a reference point and compared the differences with a set of reference data.   The process was slow as the calculations had to be done manually, so his system was far from automatic. Later on, Goldstein, Harmon Lensk [4] created a system that used 21 of these features in standard classification techniques but it proved to be hard to automate. The first to provide a systematic way of performing face recognition were Turk and Pentland in the 1980’s in their widely known paper â€Å"Eigenfaces for Recognition†[1]. Their technique uses Principal Component Analysis to reduce the dimensionality of a set of components used to describe a face as well as noise contained in the set of pictures. In recent years, 3D face recognition has become a popular research topic for its ability to achieve better recognition accuracy due to not being sensitive to lighting changes, head rotation, make-up and change in facial expression, factors which heavily and negatively affect 2D recognition methods [5].   Drawbacks of such systems include a large amount of necessary memory for storing the faces as 3D meshes and textures. 1.4 The ORL Database of Faces The â€Å"ORL Database of Faces† [6] is a vector of 400 images of 40 individuals which is heavily used in face recognition research. There are 10 different images for each individual and each of them is taken at different times, varying the lighting, facial expressions (open/closed eyes, smiling/not smiling) and facial details (wearing glasses or makeup). The same background is used in all the photos, with the subjects standing in upright, frontal position with a tolerance of about 15-18 degrees for side movement. Figure 1.1: The 40 subjects in the ORL database Each image has a resolution of 92 x 112 pixels and has been cropped and centered.. The format of the image files is pgm (portable grey map) which is a greyscale formatted array that contains a single 16-bit value for each pixel (the brightness information). This format was used because colour is not required in the recognition process and only one value must be stored and processed for each pixel reducing the complexity of the system. Although taken in a methodical manner (same background, approximately the same lighting conditions) and not fully representative of the arbitrary conditions found in a mobile real-time recognition system (changing lighting conditions, photos taken over long periods of time with significant physical changes present, random background), there is plenty of variation present in the sets that was very useful for initial testing of the prototype recognition system. 1.2 Three 10 image sets of three subjects from the database Chapter 2: Initial Research and Development 2.1 Synopsis This chapter will focus on the findings of the initial research of the project which was necessary to gain an understanding of the requirements for building a prototype facial recognition system and testing it. Research began with understanding basic image processing techniques (bicubic interpolation resizing, greyscale conversion, histogram fitting) that are all required for recognition. Later on, my research was focused on the Eigenface approach (PCA or Karhunen-Loeve transformation), classification and thresholding techniques and way of implementing them in Matlab 2.2 Compressing the images (Dimensionality Reduction) The ORL database is small (in terms of number of photos), with every image containing 92 x 112 pixels/values (10,304). Knowing that each value is 2 bytes and that every value is processed multiple times in the PCA algorithm we can appreciate that without any compression performance of the system will be very slow. Compression or dimensionality reduction is clearly needed in order to save space, achieve better performance and get rid of unnecessary information. 2.3 Principal Component Analysis 2.3.1 Introduction Work previous to PCA or Karhunen-Loeve transformation (KLT) used face features(eyes, nose, mouth) as a means of recognising faces since these features seemed intuitive to the way humans recognize faces.    Chapter 4: References and [1]   Turk and Pentland, Eigenfaces for Recognition. [Online]   face-rec.org/algorithms/PCA/jcn.pdf [2] Wikipedia, Facial recognition system [Online]   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_recognition_system [3]   Bledsoe, Man-Machine Facial Recognition, 1966 [4]   Goldstein, Harmon, and Lesk, â€Å"Identification of Human Faces†, 1971 [5]   Wikipedia, 3D Face Recognition [Online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_face_recognition [6]   The ORL Database of Faces, University of Cambridge cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/facedatabase.html

Purpose Statement, Review, and Development Essay

Purpose Statement, Review, and Development - Essay Example On the one hand, there is a prominent view that the polygraph testing needs to be more extensively employed in the national security and, on the other hand, scientific experts and security authorities are divided on the question. The proposed paper attempts to come to a logical conclusion on this hot topic of debate and scrutiny, and the findings of the study will have a decisive role on the future investigations on the question. The modern global context of amounting terrorist attacks and other nuclear threats has caused national security to be one of the major concerns of international community. In this background, several studies on the utility of polygraph in ensuring National Security have been conducted and every new study has a vital function in determining the significance of polygraph. One may also notice that there has been no consensus on the utility of polygraphs in national security, and the topic has always been one of the most controversial questions in the national security sector. The Department of Energy (DOE) has been making attempts to set up polygraph screening for the employees and applicants as a measure to ensure security in the national nuclear weapons laboratories. There were severe criticisms against the presumptions of DOE that the tests would identify subversives and put off potential terrorists. The sub-panel of Sandia’s Senior Scientists and Engineers who made a profoun d analysis on ‘Polygraphs and Security’ concluded that â€Å"there is no adequate scientific basis for this assumption. No specific polygraphic or behavioral response has been directly linked to the act of deception†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Polygraphs and Security, 1999). It was also specified by them that the subjective factors involved in the administration and interpretation of polygraph tests point to their limitations with regard to national security. Therefore, it is of central implication to have a precise analysis of the matters